N1 Grammar · Test 10

「まるで～ない」is a fixed pattern meaning 'completely not / not at all.' Here, まるで興味がない means 'I have no interest at all (in the Olympics).' The sentence contrasts the excitement of the general public with the speaker's total lack of interest, making まるで the natural intensifier for a negative predicate.

• 1「とうとう」means 'finally / eventually' and describes something happening after a long wait or process. It does not pair with ～ない to mean 'not at all,' and inserting it before 興味がない produces an unnatural sentence.
• 3「二度と」means 'never again' and must be followed by a negative verb (e.g., 二度と見ない). 興味がない is an adjective phrase, not a verb, so 二度と cannot modify it here.
• 4「たとえ」means 'even if' and requires a concessive ending such as ～ても (たとえ～ても). Without that structure the sentence is grammatically incomplete.

• まるで～ない — completely not; not at all (used with a negative to emphasize total absence)
• とうとう — finally; eventually (after a long process)
• 二度にどと — never again (followed by a negative verb)
• たとえ — even if (requires ～ても)

「何をもって幸せとする」means 'by what criterion/standard do we consider (something) happiness?' Here をもって indicates the basis or standard by which something is judged or defined. The sentence asks what standard people use to define happiness, so をもって is the correct choice.

• 1「にむけて」means 'toward / aiming at' and indicates direction or purpose. 何にむけて幸せとする does not form a meaningful phrase—you don't 'aim toward' a standard of happiness.
• 2「をめぐって」means 'regarding / surrounding (a topic)' and is used for disputes or discussions about a topic (e.g., 問題をめぐって議論する). 何をめぐって幸せとする is grammatically and semantically unnatural here.
• 4「につれて」means 'as / along with' and expresses proportional change (～につれて～変わる). It does not express a standard or criterion, so it cannot fit before 幸せとする.

• をもって — by means of; based on (indicating the standard, basis, or means by which something is judged or done)
• にむけて — toward; aiming at (direction or purpose)
• をめぐって — regarding; surrounding (a topic, often used with disputes/discussions)
• につれて — as; along with (expressing proportional change)

「見ていなければ、～なかった」is a counterfactual conditional: 'If I hadn't seen it, I probably wouldn't have become an actress.' The actress DID see the play and DID become an actress, so the correct form negates the past condition (見ていなければ) and negates the result (なることはなかった). This is the standard ～ていなければ…なかった pattern for past counterfactuals.

• 1「見たとしたら」means 'if (I) had seen (it).' Since she actually DID see the play, this would set up a real condition rather than a counterfactual one, and it does not pair naturally with ～なかったと思います to express 'if I hadn't seen it.'
• 2「見ようが」means 'whether (I) try to see (it) or not' and expresses concession (～ようが～ようが). It does not create a conditional and cannot connect to 女優になることはなかった.
• 3「見なかったにしろ」means 'even if (I) didn't see (it).' While it contains a negative, にしろ expresses concession ('even if'), not a counterfactual conditional leading to 'wouldn't have become.' The sentence needs 'if I hadn't seen it → wouldn't have become,' not 'even if I didn't see it.'

• ～ていなければ — if (someone) had not done ~ (counterfactual past conditional)
• ～としたら — if (we assume) ~ happened / were the case
• ～ようが — whether ~ or not (concessive)
• ～にしろ — even if ~ (concessive)

「にもかかわらず」means 'despite / in spite of,' so the sentence says: despite the investigation making it clear that A社's factory was the cause, A社 refused to acknowledge it. 「決して～ようとはしなかった」means 'absolutely refused to ~,' where 決して intensifies the negative volitional refusal. 認めようとはしなかった = 'they refused to acknowledge it,' which fits the adversarial context perfectly.

• 1「認めるほかはなかった」means 'had no choice but to admit (it).' This contradicts the context: despite clear evidence, A社 did NOT admit responsibility.
• 2「認めないでもなかった」means 'it's not that they didn't acknowledge (it)' = they somewhat acknowledged it. This also contradicts the context, which implies A社 denied responsibility.
• 4「認めねばならなかった」means 'had to acknowledge (it).' Like options 1 and 2, this contradicts the adversarial meaning of にもかかわらず, which expects A社 to have resisted acknowledging the facts.

• にもかかわらず — despite; in spite of (expresses that the result is contrary to expectation)
• 決して～ない（けっして～ない） — never; absolutely not (emphatic negative)
• ～ようとはしない — refuse to ~; show no intention of ~ (negative volitional)
• ～ほかはない — have no choice but to ~

「思い出される」is the spontaneous passive (自発の受け身) of 思い出す. In Japanese, verbs of perception/recollection like 思い出す, 浮かぶ, 恋しい can take the passive form to express that something comes to mind spontaneously, without the speaker's deliberate effort. あのころのことが…思い出される = 'those days come back to me (naturally).' This is the most natural and grammatically correct choice.

• 2「思い出す」is the active form 'I remember.' While not strictly ungrammatical, the spontaneous-passive 思い出される is far more natural here because the sentence describes memories spontaneously surfacing when visiting the café, not a deliberate act of recalling.
• 3「思い出すだろう」means 'would probably remember.' This adds speculative nuance (だろう) that doesn't fit—the speaker is describing an actual experience, not speculating about what would happen.
• 4「思い出させた」is the causative 'made (someone) remember.' This requires an agent who caused the remembering, and the sentence structure (～ことが…ように) calls for an intransitive/spontaneous expression, not a causative one.

• 思い出される（おもいだされる） — (something) comes to mind; is recalled spontaneously (spontaneous passive of 思い出す)
• 自発の受け身（じはつのうけみ） — spontaneous passive—a passive form used to express that something happens naturally/spontaneously, common with verbs of perception and emotion

「大人は大人で」is the correct answer. The pattern 「XはXで」means 'X, for its part / X has its own (situation/challenges).' Here, the child envies adults for having no homework, but the speaker replies that adults, for their part, have their own various difficulties. The sentence means: 'A child told me they envied adults for having no homework, but adults have their own various hardships.'

• 2「大人が大人に」is grammatically incoherent here. The particle が followed by に does not form any recognized pattern meaning 'adults have their own ~.'
• 3「大人より大人で」is nonsensical. より would indicate comparison ('more than adults'), but the same word appears on both sides, creating no meaningful comparison.
• 4「大人から大人に」is also incoherent. から〜に would suggest movement or change from one state to another, but repeating 大人 on both sides makes no sense.

• 大人は大人で（おとなはおとなで） — adults have their own [challenges/situation]; for adults, for their part

「〜だけあって」means 'as one would expect from ~' or 'worthy of having been ~.' It connects a past experience/qualification to a result that is natural or expected given that background. Here, the grandmother knows many folk tales and fairy tales — which is exactly what you would expect from someone who used to be a kindergarten teacher. The sentence means: 'My grandmother knows many old tales and fairy tales, as you would expect from someone who used to be a kindergarten teacher.'

• 1「〜からには」means 'since ~, then (one should/must) ~' and expresses a strong conditional resolution or obligation (e.g., したからには頑張るべきだ). The sentence merely states a fact (she knows many tales), not a resolution or obligation, so this does not fit.
• 2「〜とは」expresses surprise: 'to think that ~.' It would mean 'to think that she was a kindergarten teacher,' which shifts the focus to the speaker's astonishment rather than explaining why she knows many tales.
• 3「〜ところ」indicates timing ('when/just as ~') or a chance occurrence. 'When she was a kindergarten teacher, she knows many tales' does not form a coherent logical connection.

• 〜だけあって — as one would expect from ~; worthy of ~ (connects a background/qualification to a natural result)
• 昔話むかしばなし — old tale; folk tale
• 童話どうわ — fairy tale; children's story

「一切（いっさい）」used with a negative means 'not at all / completely not.' 「一切認められていない」= 'not permitted at all.' This is a very common and natural collocation in formal/business contexts, fitting the sentence: 'At my company, no matter what the reason, taking work-related data or materials outside the company is not permitted at all.'

• 2「むしろ」means 'rather / instead.' It is used to contrast or reframe (e.g., AではなくむしろB). With 認められていない, it would imply 'rather, it is not permitted,' which is unnatural in this context — there is no alternative being contrasted.
• 3「かならず（必ず）」means 'always / necessarily.' With a negative, 必ず〜ない means 'not always,' which would weaken the prohibition to 'it is not always permitted' — the opposite of the intended strict prohibition.
• 4「どうしても」with a negative means 'just cannot / no matter how hard one tries, cannot.' While どうしても認められていない is grammatically possible, it emphasizes inability or impossibility rather than a strict prohibition. 一切 is the standard and more natural choice for an absolute prohibition in this formal context.

• 一切いっさい — completely; entirely (with negative: not at all)
• 持ち出す（もちだす） — to take out; to carry out (of a place)
• 社外しゃがい — outside the company

「〜にしてみれば」means 'from the perspective of ~ / if seen from (someone's) standpoint.' Here, the speaker was amazed by the beautiful sea and took many photos, but a local person looked puzzled. The sentence concludes: 'For local people, such a beautiful sea is probably just an everyday sight.' 地元の人にしてみれば = 'from the local people's perspective.'

• 1「〜からして」means 'even from ~ / starting with ~,' emphasizing an extreme or representative example (e.g., あの人は言葉遣いからして悪い). It does not express 'from someone's perspective.'
• 2「〜といっても」means 'even if you say ~ / though one might say ~,' used to qualify or limit a statement. It does not convey 'from someone's point of view.'
• 4「〜はともかくとして」means 'setting ~ aside / leaving ~ out of consideration.' This would mean 'setting aside the local people,' which does not fit the intended meaning of seeing things from their perspective.

• 〜にしてみれば — from the perspective of ~; if seen from [someone's] standpoint
• 地元じもと — local area; one's hometown/local
• 日常にちじょう — everyday; daily

「存じ上げています」is the humble (謙譲語) form of 知っている ('to know'). 石川 is speaking to 山下 about his own relationship with 田中, so he must use humble language about his own action. The sentence means: 'Yes, he helped me greatly with work before, and I know him well.' The よ at the end adds a conversational, informing tone.

• 1「知っていただけです」uses 知る, which is a regular (non-humble) verb. In a polite business conversation where the speaker should lower himself, using plain 知る is inappropriate. Also, 〜だけです ('just ~') sounds dismissive, as if merely 'I just knew him,' which is unnatural when expressing a relationship.
• 3「お目にかかれます」is the potential form of お目にかかる ('to meet (humble)'). This means 'I can meet him,' which changes the meaning from 'I know him' to 'I can meet him.' The context asks about being acquainted (お知り合い), not about the ability to meet.
• 4「お会いになっています」is honorific (尊敬語) form of 会っている. Honorifics are used to raise the subject's action, but here the subject is the speaker (石川) himself. Using respectful language for one's own action is grammatically and pragmatically wrong.

• 存じ上げる（ぞんじあげる） — to know (humble form of 知る); to be acquainted with
• お目にかかる（おめにかかる） — to meet (humble form of 会う)
• お世話になる（おせわになる） — to receive help/kindness from someone