N1 Grammar · Test 8

The correct order is: ことから(2) → 物事を始めてしまった(1) → 以上(4) → 途中でやめるわけにはいかない(3). The full sentence reads: 「乗りかかった船」ということわざは、乗った船が岸を離れれば途中で降りることができないことから、物事を始めてしまった以上途中でやめるわけにはいかないことのたとえである。The structure is: (fact A) ことから、 (fact B) ことのたとえである ('from the fact that A, it is a metaphor for B'). Here A = 'once a boat leaves shore you cannot get off midway,' and B = 'once you have started something, you cannot quit midway' (物事を始めてしまった以上、途中でやめるわけにはいかない). The ★ is in the third slot, which is 以上(4). 以上 here means 'once/since' (after V-た), expressing that once a condition is met, a consequence naturally follows.

• 1物事を始めてしまった must come right before 以上 to form the pattern 「V-た + 以上」('once you have done ~'). It cannot be first because ことから must immediately follow the preceding clause about the boat.
• 2ことから must come first, right after 降りることができない, to connect the boat metaphor's premise to the explanation: 'from the fact that (you can't get off the boat)…' It does not fit in the ★ (third) position.
• 3途中でやめるわけにはいかない must come last (fourth position), right before ことのたとえである, completing the clause 'cannot quit midway.' Placing it in the ★ position would break the 以上 pattern.

• 乗りかかった船（のりかかったふね） — a boat one has already boarded; the proverb means 'once you've started something, you can't back out'
• 〜以上（〜いじょう） — once/since (after V-た), expressing an inevitable consequence
• わけにはいかない — cannot (due to social/moral obligation); must not
• ことから — from the fact that ~; since ~ (used to state a basis for a conclusion)

The correct order is: あの時ああしていたら(2) → もっと素晴らしい人生を送れていたはずと(4) → 後悔するような(3) → 生き方は(1). The full sentence reads: 年をとって人生を振り返った時にあの時ああしていたらもっと素晴らしい人生を送れていたはずと後悔するような生き方はしたくない。The structure is: (conditional clause) + (quotation と) + 後悔するような + 生き方は + したくない ('I don't want to live in such a way that I would regret, thinking

• 1生き方は must come last (fourth position), right before したくない, forming 「生き方はしたくない」('I don't want to live that way'). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.
• 2あの時ああしていたら must come first, setting up the conditional ('if only I had done things differently back then'). It is the opening of the quoted regret, so it cannot be in the ★ position.
• 4もっと素晴らしい人生を送れていたはずと must come second, continuing the quoted thought from あの時ああしていたら and ending with と (quotation marker). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.

• 振り返る（ふりかえる） — to look back on, to reflect on
• 後悔こうかいする — to regret
• 〜はず — should have ~; was supposed to ~ (expressing expectation about the past)
• 送おくる — to live (a life); to spend (time)

The correct order is: よって(4) → 豊かな社会の実現に寄与する(2) → ことを(3) → 目的に(1). The full sentence reads: NPO法人「音楽の夢」では、音楽を通じたさまざまな教育プロジェクトを展開していくことによって豊かな社会の実現に寄与することを目的に活動をしています。The key structure is: (V-ること) + によって + (result) + ことを + 目的に + 活動する ('by doing X, (we) conduct activities with the purpose of achieving Y'). Here, 展開していくこと + によって = 'by developing various educational projects,' and 豊かな社会の実現に寄与する + ことを + 目的に = 'with the purpose of contributing to the realization of a rich society.' The ★ is in the third slot, which is ことを(3).

• 1目的に must come last (fourth position), right before 活動をしています, forming 「〜ことを目的に活動をしています」('conducting activities with the purpose of ~'). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.
• 2豊かな社会の実現に寄与する must come second, after よって, describing what the organization aims to contribute to. It cannot be in the ★ (third) position because を must follow it to mark the object of 目的に.
• 4よって must come first, attaching to the preceding 展開していくことに → ことによって ('by developing ~'). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.

• 寄与きよする — to contribute to
• 〜ことによって — by doing ~; through doing ~
• 展開てんかいする — to develop, to roll out, to carry out
• 豊ゆたかな — rich, abundant

The correct order is: かつては少子化で(4) → 存続は難しい(1) → のでは(2) → という(3). The full sentence reads: 今は、一学年5クラスもある北森川小学校だがかつては少子化で存続は難しいのではという危機感があった。The structure is: かつては少子化で + [存続は難しい + のでは] + という + 危機感があった ('there was a sense of crisis that the school's survival might be difficult due to the declining birthrate'). The pattern のでは expresses uncertainty/worry ('might it be that ~'), and という quotes this worry to modify 危機感 ('a sense of crisis that ~'). The ★ is in the third slot, which is のでは(2).

• 1存続は難しい must come second, after かつては少子化で, stating the feared outcome ('survival is difficult'). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position because のでは must follow it.
• 3という must come last (fourth position), right before 危機感があった, quoting the entire worry clause to modify 危機感. It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.
• 4かつては少子化で must come first, providing the background cause ('in the past, due to declining birthrate'). It cannot be in the ★ (third) position.

• 少子化しょうしか — declining birthrate
• 存続そんぞく — continued existence, survival
• 〜のでは — might it be that ~; I worry that ~ (expressing concern about a possibility)
• 危機感ききかん — sense of crisis

The correct order is: 教育現場の長(1) → として(4) → あるまじき(3) → 行為(2). The full sentence reads: 教育関係者からは教育現場の長としてあるまじき行為と怒りの声が上がった。The structure is: [教育現場の長 + として] + [あるまじき + 行為] + と ('as a leader in the educational field, (this is) an act that should not exist'). The pattern N + として means 'as ~,' and あるまじき + N means 'unbecoming of ~ / an act that should not exist for someone in that position.' The ★ is in the fourth slot, which is 行為(2).

• 1教育現場の長 must come first, as the noun that として attaches to ('as a leader in the educational field'). It cannot be in the ★ (fourth) position.
• 3あるまじき must come third, right before 行為, forming the phrase あるまじき行為 ('an act unbecoming/inappropriate'). It cannot be in the ★ (fourth) position because 行為 must follow it.
• 4として must come second, attaching to 教育現場の長 to form 教育現場の長として ('as a leader in the educational field'). It cannot be in the ★ (fourth) position.

• あるまじき — unbecoming of; improper for someone in that position (used to criticize behavior that should never occur for a person of that status)
• 教育現場きょういくげんば — the educational field/frontline of education
• 偽造ぎぞうする — to forge, to falsify
• 成績証明書せいせきしょうめいしょ — academic transcript, certificate of grades

果たして (はたして) is used with interrogative expressions to mean 'I wonder' or 'let's see if...' It adds a sense of anticipation or suspense to a question about an uncertain outcome. Here, the announcer is building excitement: 'Let's see which one will win.' This fits perfectly with the question word どちら (which one) and the future-tense でしょうか.

• 1ついに means 'finally / at last' and describes something that has happened after a long wait or process. It does not pair with a question about a future uncertain outcome.
• 2まさか means 'surely not / could it be that...' and expresses disbelief or surprise, typically with a negative expectation. It doesn't fit a neutral, anticipatory question about a match outcome.
• 3どうやら means 'it seems / apparently' and is used when drawing a tentative conclusion based on evidence. It doesn't pair with a forward-looking question about who will win.

• 果はたして — truly, really — used with questions to express 'I wonder if...'
• 優勝候補同士ゆうしょうこうほどうし — between fellow championship candidates
• 対決たいけつ — showdown, confrontation

しようと is the volitional form of する plus と, meaning 'no matter whether (you) try to (do something).' The pattern どんな～うと自由だ means 'you are free to do whatever ～.' Here: 'You are free to make whatever kind of rebuttal you want, but pushing your own opinion one-sidedly is not good.' The volitional + と conveys 'regardless of what you attempt,' which pairs naturally with 自由だ (it's your freedom).

• 1する以上 means 'since/if you do (it)' and expresses a condition or reason. It doesn't convey the 'no matter what' nuance needed before 自由だ.
• 2しつつも means 'while doing ~, but...' and expresses doing two things simultaneously with a contrastive nuance. It doesn't fit the 'you're free to do whatever' structure.
• 4している限りは means 'as long as you are doing (it)' and sets a continuing condition. It doesn't convey the open-ended 'whatever rebuttal you choose' meaning.

• 反論はんろん — counterargument, rebuttal
• 一方的いっぽうてきに — one-sidedly, unilaterally
• 押し付ける（おしつける） — to force (something) on someone

ともなれば means 'when it comes to ~ / if it's the case that ~,' indicating that when a certain condition or situation arises, a natural or expected consequence follows. 週末ともなれば = 'When it comes to weekends (as you'd expect),' the park is packed with families from the morning. This conveys that weekends naturally bring large crowds, which fits the context perfectly.

• 1につき means 'because of ~' (reason) or 'per ~' (distribution). Neither sense fits the 'when it comes to weekends' meaning needed here.
• 2を機に means 'taking the opportunity of ~ / on the occasion of ~' and implies a change triggered by a specific event. A recurring weekend is not a one-time trigger event.
• 3をもって means 'by means of ~ / as of ~ (a date/time)' and is used for methods or deadlines. It doesn't convey the 'when it comes to' nuance.

• ともなれば — when it comes to ~; if it's the case that ~ (implies a natural consequence)
• 家族連かぞくづれ — families (with children), family groups
• まばら — sparse, scanty (not related to this question but appears in shared passage)

するもしないも uses the pattern ～も～も ('whether A or B, both'), meaning 'whether it succeeds or not.' The sentence says: 'Whether this project succeeds or fails, it depends on you, the leader.' Both outcomes — success and failure — rest on the leader's shoulders, so も～も is the correct pattern. The manager's words carry weight and responsibility, which motivated the listener.

• 2するやらしないやら expresses uncertainty about which of two outcomes will occur ('I'm not sure whether it'll succeed or not'). This conveys the speaker's own bewilderment, not a statement that both outcomes depend on someone.
• 3するなりしないなり lists alternatives ('either succeeding or not succeeding') but carries a nuance of choosing one option or the other, not the 'both A and B depend on you' meaning needed here.
• 4するというかしないというか is used when you can't clearly categorize something ('I'm not sure if you'd call it X or Y'). It's about labeling/characterizing, not about both outcomes depending on someone.

• 成功せいこうするもしないも — whether it succeeds or not (both outcomes)
• 一方的いっぽうてきに — one-sidedly (not in this question but tested elsewhere)
• やる気が高まる（やるきがたかまる） — motivation rises

作ってみせる uses ～てみせる, which expresses strong determination: 'I will definitely do ~ (and show you the result).' The speaker failed at making hamburger steak and was told it wasn't tasty, so they declare: 'Next time I'll definitely make it delicious (and prove it).' The 絶対 (absolutely) reinforces this determined resolve.

• 1作るものか is a rhetorical negative meaning 'As if I would ever make (it)!' — expressing refusal or dismissal. This would mean the speaker refuses to make it again, which contradicts the context of wanting to try again.
• 2作る始末だ uses 始末だ, which describes an undesirable or troublesome outcome/result ('ended up doing ~'). It has a negative, exasperated tone and doesn't express determination.
• 4作りつつある means 'is in the process of making' and describes an ongoing action. It doesn't express future determination at all.

• ～てみせる — to definitely do ~ (and show the result); expresses strong determination
• 始末しまつだ — ended up ~ing (undesirable result); the state of things having gone wrong
• ものか — as if I would ~! (rhetorical negative expressing strong refusal)