N1 Grammar · Test 6

The correct order of the parts is 2 → 3 → 1 → 4, making the full phrase: わなにかかって苦しんでいる「ところを(2)」「助けられた(3)」「鶴が(1)」「助けてくれた(4)」おじいさんに... This translates to: 'The crane, which was saved while it was suffering caught in a trap, returns the favor to the old man who saved it by weaving beautiful cloth.' The ★ is in the third position, so the correct choice is 1 (鶴が). The grammatical structure relies on 「〜ところを」 (while / in the middle of) modifying the passive verb 「助けられた」 (was saved), which together modify the noun 「鶴が」 (the crane). Then, the active verb 「助けてくれた」 (saved (for me/us)) modifies 「おじいさんに」 (to the old man).

• 2If 2 (ところを) is placed at the ★ (third position), the phrase becomes '鶴が助けられたところを助けてくれたおじいさんに'. This breaks the correct modification structure. 'ところを' must directly follow the suffering state ('苦しんでいる') to mean 'while suffering'.
• 3If 3 (助けられた) is placed at the ★ (third position), the phrase becomes '鶴がところを助けられた助けてくれたおじいさんに'. This makes no grammatical sense, as 'ところを' is separated from the state it modifies, and two verbs ('助けられた' and '助けてくれた') clash awkwardly without a clear subject/object relationship.
• 4If 4 (助けてくれた) is placed at the ★ (third position), the phrase becomes '鶴がところを助けてくれた助けられたおじいさんに'. This reverses the roles, implying the crane saved the old man, which contradicts the premise of the folktale 'Tsuru no Ongaeshi' and creates a grammatically broken modifier chain.

• わな（罠） — trap, snare
• かかる — to be caught in, to be trapped in
• 苦くるしむ — to suffer, to be in pain/distress
• 〜ところを — while (doing something), in the middle of (a situation)
• 恩返おんがえし — repayment of a favor, returning a favor
• 織おる — to weave

The correct order of the parts is 1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3. The sentence begins with '短期的な成果が重視されがちな' (in a situation where short-term results tend to be emphasized), which connects directly to option 1 'にあって' to form the contextual setting. Next, option 2 '目先の利益だけでなく' (not only immediate profits) sets up a contrast, which is followed by option 4 '日本の将来を見据えながら' (while looking ahead to Japan's future). Finally, option 3 '着実に成長を続けている' (steadily continuing to grow) modifies the noun '工作機械メーカーである' at the end of the sentence. Thus, the ★ (third blank) takes option 4.

• 1にあって must directly follow '短期的な成果が重視されがちな' to form the phrase '短期的な成果が重視されがちなにあって' (in a situation where short-term results tend to be emphasized). It belongs in the first blank, not the ★ position.
• 2目先の利益だけでなく (not only immediate profits) pairs with the following phrase to create a 'not only A, but also B' structure. It belongs in the second blank, immediately before option 4.
• 3着実に成長を続けている (steadily continuing to grow) is a relative clause that must directly modify the final noun '工作機械メーカーである'. It belongs in the fourth blank, right before the end of the sentence.

• にあって — in a situation where; in a time of (used to indicate a special or particular circumstance)
• 目先めさき — immediate; near future; the present
• 見据みすえる — to look ahead; to keep one's eyes fixed on (a future goal)
• 着実ちゃくじつ — steady; sure; reliable
• 工作機械こうさくきかい — machine tool

The correct order is 犯罪心理学に精通した [専門家] [にして] [初めて] [書ける] ものである. The full phrase is 犯罪心理学に精通した専門家にして初めて書けるものである, meaning '...is something that only an expert well-versed in criminal psychology can write.' Here, にして means 'being/as' and links 専門家 with 初めて, giving the nuance 'only when one is such an expert can one write it.' Therefore, the word entering the ★ position (the third blank) is 初めて (option 2).

• 1専門家 cannot go in the ★ position because it must come immediately after 犯罪心理学に精通した to form the noun phrase 精通した専門家 ('an expert well-versed in...'). Placing it third would break the noun phrase and leave にして with no proper noun to attach to.
• 3にして cannot go in the ★ position because it must directly follow 専門家, forming 専門家にして ('being an expert / as an expert'). If placed third, the preceding two blanks would not form a valid structure.
• 4書ける cannot go in the ★ position because it must come at the end of the modifying clause, immediately before ものである, forming 書けるものである ('is something that can be written'). Placing it third would leave 初めて stranded and make the sentence grammatically incomplete.

• 精通せいつうする — to be well-versed in; to be expert in
• 専門家せんもんか — expert; specialist
• にして — being; as; only when one is... (used to emphasize a condition or status)
• 初はじめて — for the first time; only then; only when...
• 巧たくみな — skillful; clever; adept
• 心理描写しんりびょうしゃ — psychological depiction/description

The correct order is 2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1, making the sentence: 自分が「決めたことなら」「それは」「それで」「ひとつの」経験として受け入れられると思う。 (I want to make my own choices regarding my own life. Even if I fail as a result, if it's something I decided, I think I can accept that in itself as one experience.) The phrase 「それはそれで」 is a common expression meaning 'that in itself' or 'that being the case'. Therefore, option 4 (それは) goes into the ★ position.

• 1ひとつの (one / a single) modifies the noun 経験 (experience) at the end of the sentence, so it must be placed immediately before 経験として, not in the ★ position.
• 2決めたことなら (if it is something one decided) connects to 自分が to form the conditional clause 自分が決めたことなら (if it's what I decided). It belongs in the first blank, before the ★.
• 3それで (with that / by that) pairs with それは to form the set phrase それはそれで. It belongs in the third blank, after the ★.

• 決きめたことなら — if it is something one decided
• それはそれで — that in itself, that being the case
• 受け入れられる（うけいれられる） — can be accepted, can be embraced

Option 2 is correct. 「〜限り」 (かぎり) means 'as long as' and expresses a condition that must be maintained for a certain state or action to continue. The sentence means 'As long as there is even one fan supporting me, I will continue to sing.'

• 1「いた上」 is grammatically incomplete. While 「〜上」 (うえ) can mean 'after doing~' or 'in addition to~', it cannot be used in this form to express a continuing condition.
• 3「いながら」 means 'while existing' or 'while doing~', which does not fit the context of a condition for continuing to sing.
• 4「いるだけあって」 implies 'as expected of' or 'justifying the situation', which makes no sense in this context.

• 限かぎり — as long as; while
• 引退いんたい — retirement
• 否定ひていする — to deny

Option 1 is correct. 「〜とすれば」 means 'assuming that' or 'if'. The speaker assumed Ishikawa was the leader, but it seems they were wrong. The sentence means 'If we assume it is not Ishikawa, then who could it be?'

• 2「〜とあって」 means 'because of the special situation of~' or 'since', which does not fit the hypothetical context here.
• 3「〜というより」 means 'rather than~', used to correct or refine a statement, which does not fit here.
• 4「〜と思っても」 means 'even if one thinks~', which does not make sense with the rest of the sentence.

• とすれば — assuming that; if
• 予想よそうする — to predict; to expect

Option 2 is correct. 「なんら」 (なんら) is used with a negative verb to mean 'not at all' or 'no... whatsoever'. 「なんら問題はない」 means 'there is absolutely no problem with the quality.'

• 1「かりに」 means 'hypothetically' or 'if', which does not fit with the absolute statement '問題はない'.
• 3「なかなか」 means 'quite' or 'not easily'. When used with a negative, it implies difficulty, which is unnatural with '問題はない' (there is no problem).
• 4「あまりにも」 means 'too much' or 'excessively', which does not fit the context of emphasizing the complete absence of a problem.

• なんら — any; whatsoever (used with negatives)
• 成分表示せいぶんひょうじ — ingredient labeling
• 謝罪しゃざいする — to apologize

Option 3 is correct. 「〜ことは否めない」 (いなめない) means 'cannot be denied that~'. The coach acknowledges that the player's stamina has declined, but emphasizes his high technical skills. The sentence means 'It cannot be denied that his physical strength has declined, but...'

• 1「はずだった」 means 'was supposed to', implying an expectation that was not met, which does not fit the context of acknowledging a fact.
• 2「とおりだった」 means 'just as expected' or 'as it was', which does not fit grammatically or contextually here.
• 4「〜に越したことはない」 means 'nothing is better than~', which would imply that declining stamina is a good thing, making no sense.

• 否いなめない — cannot be denied
• 体力たいりょく — physical strength; stamina
• 技術力ぎじゅつりょく — technical skill

Option 4 is correct. Yamashita is speaking to his department head about the section chief's action. Since the section chief is a third party but superior to Yamashita, Yamashita uses sonkeigo (respectful language) for the section chief's action. 「なさいます」 is the polite sonkeigo form of 「する」. 「ご説明なさいます」 means 'will explain'.

• 1「申します」 is kenjougo (humble language) for 'to say/do'. It would mean Yamashita is the one explaining, which is incorrect.
• 2「いただきます」 is kenjougo for receiving an action. 「ご説明いただきます」 would mean 'I will have him explain', which changes the meaning from simply stating who will explain.
• 3「願います」 means 'I request'. 「ご説明願います」 would mean 'I request you to explain', which is inappropriate here as Yamashita is just confirming a fact.

• なさる — to do (sonkeigo for する)
• 企画きかく — plan; project