N1 Grammar · Test 7

The correct order is 3 -> 2 -> 4 -> 1. The full sentence reads: 「先日ペンギンの赤ちゃんが生まれた【3 という】【2 こともあって】、【4 赤ちゃんを一目見よう】【1 多くの人で】いつも以上ににぎわっている。」This translates to: 'Minami Aquarium usually has many visitors, but partly because it was reported that a baby penguin was born the other day, it is even more crowded than usual with many people trying to catch a glimpse of the baby.' The phrase 「〜ということもあって」 (partly because it is said that ~) connects the fact of the penguin's birth to the increased crowd. Then, 「赤ちゃんを一目見よう多くの人で」 (with many people trying to get a glimpse of the baby) describes the crowd causing the aquarium to be bustling.

• 1「多くの人で」 (with many people) must come immediately before 「いつも以上ににぎわっている」 to indicate the means/cause of the bustling crowd. Placing it in the ★ slot breaks the phrase 「赤ちゃんを一目見よう多くの人で」.
• 2「こともあって」 (partly because) follows 「という」 to form the grammar pattern 「〜ということもあって」. It cannot come directly after 「生まれた」 without the quotative particle.
• 4「赤ちゃんを一目見よう」 (try to catch a glimpse of the baby) modifies 「多くの人で」. If placed in the ★ slot, it would awkwardly separate the noun phrase from the rest of the sentence.

• 〜ということもあって — partly because (it is said that) ~; also due to the fact that ~
• 一目見ひとめみよう — try to take a look; try to catch a glimpse
• にぎわう — to be crowded; to be bustling

The correct order is 1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3, making the sentence: 労働条件の改善なくして何が業績向上だ。 (Without improving labor conditions, how can performance improve?) The new president thinks there are no problems with labor conditions, but he doesn't understand the reality. The phrase 労働条件の改善 (improvement of labor conditions) is followed by なくして (without), which creates the condition. The rhetorical question 何が業績向上だ (what is performance improvement?) follows, implying that performance cannot improve without this condition. Therefore, the word that goes into the ★ (the third blank) is 2. なくして.

• 1の is a particle that connects the nouns 労働条件 and 改善. It belongs in the first blank, not the third.
• 3何 is an interrogative word meaning 'what'. It is used in the rhetorical question 何が業績向上だ, so it belongs in the fourth blank, right before が業績向上だ.
• 4改善 is a noun meaning 'improvement'. It pairs with 労働条件の to form 労働条件の改善 (improvement of labor conditions), so it belongs in the second blank.

• なくして — without... (used to express that something is indispensable; without A, B cannot happen)
• 改善かいぜん — improvement, reform
• 業績向上ぎょうせきこうじょう — improvement of business performance / results
• 実態じったい — actual conditions, reality

The correct order is 4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 3. The full sentence is: 現代の映画音楽界で、作品の世界観に合わせて音楽を作る才能にかけては、彼女以上に優れている作曲家はまずいないだろう。 Option 1, '彼女以上に優れている' (better than her), modifies the noun '作曲家' (composer) in option 3. Together they form '彼女以上に優れている作曲家はまずいないだろう' (there is probably no composer who is better than her). This fits perfectly into the ★ position, right before the final blank.

• 2Option 2, '才能にかけては' (when it comes to talent), attaches to option 4 to form the topic '音楽を作る才能にかけては' (when it comes to the talent to compose music). It belongs in the second blank, immediately before the comma.
• 3Option 3, '作曲家はまずいない' (there is hardly any composer), is the main predicate of the sentence and connects directly to the final 'だろう' (probably). It belongs in the fourth blank.
• 4Option 4, '音楽を作る' (to compose music), follows the phrase '作品の世界観に合わせて' (matching the worldview of the work) to form '作品の世界観に合わせて音楽を作る' (compose music that matches the worldview of the work). It belongs in the first blank.

• 才能さいのうにかけては — when it comes to talent
• 世界観せかいかん — worldview
• 優すぐれている — to be excellent, superior
• まずない — unlikely, hardly possible

The correct order is: 実用化が近いとされている A社が開発した ものには 遠く及ばないにしろ、それなりに効率よく走れるものができたと思う。 The phrase 実用化が近いとされている A社が開発したもの refers to the solar car developed by Company A, which is said to be close to practical use. The pattern 〜には遠く及ばない means 'is far from matching / is far inferior to ~', and 〜にしろ means 'even if / even though ~'. So 遠く及ばないにしろ creates the concessive meaning: 'even if it is far from matching Company A's model'. After that, それなりに効率よく走れるものができたと思う means 'I think they managed to make something that runs reasonably efficiently.' Therefore, the word that fits the ★ position is option 4, 遠く及ばないにしろ.

• 1それなりに should come after the comma, modifying 効率よく走れるもの: それなりに効率よく走れるもの. If placed at ★, the necessary concessive phrase 遠く及ばないにしろ disappears, and the sentence becomes ungrammatical.
• 2ものには must come immediately before 遠く及ばないにしろ to form the comparison structure 〜には遠く及ばない ('far from matching ~'). If placed at ★, the target of comparison is separated from the verb phrase, and the sentence breaks down.
• 3A社が開発した must come before ものには, forming the noun phrase A社が開発したもの ('the thing developed by Company A'). If placed at ★, the modifier and the noun it describes are separated, and the comparison structure cannot be completed.

• 実用化じつようか — practical use; commercialization
• 遠く及ばない（とおくおよばない） — far from matching; far inferior to
• 〜にしろ — even if; even though (concessive pattern)
• それなりに — in its own way; reasonably; to some extent
• 効率こうりつよく — efficiently

The correct option is 1. 「これに先立ち」 (にさきだち) means 'prior to this' or 'in advance of this'. The sentence states that the museum opens on the 25th, but they held a ceremony for related personnel on the 23rd. Therefore, the ceremony was held prior to the opening.

• 2「に次ぎ」 (につぎ) means 'following' or 'next to', which is the opposite of the intended meaning since the ceremony was before the opening.
• 3「につけ」 means 'whenever' or 'every time', which does not fit the context of a one-time event preceding another.
• 4「につれ」 means 'as' or 'along with' (indicating proportional change), which is irrelevant here.

• に先立ち（にさきだち） — prior to, in advance of
• 開館かいかんする — to open a museum/library to the public
• 関係者かんけいしゃ — related parties, concerned parties
• 記念式典きねんしきてん — commemorative ceremony

The correct option is 2. 「がゆえに」 is a formal/literary expression meaning 'because of' or 'due to'. The sentence explains that the reason he suffered from great pressure from those around him was *because* his father was a famous swimmer.

• 1「かというと」 is used to introduce a reason or answer a question (e.g., 'Why is it? If you ask...'), but it cannot directly connect the cause (father being famous) to the effect (suffering pressure).
• 3「といえば」 means 'speaking of' or 'when it comes to', used to bring up a related topic, not to express a reason.
• 4「ように」 means 'so that' or 'like', indicating purpose or similarity, which does not express cause and effect.

• がゆえに — because of, due to (formal)
• 周囲しゅうい — surroundings, people around
• プレッシャー（ぷれっしゃー） — pressure
• 乗り越える（のりこえる） — to overcome, to get over

The correct option is 4. 「行くんなら」 (casual contraction of 行くのなら) is used to express a condition based on a fact just learned or someone's stated intention. The older sister just learned her sister is going to Shinjuku, so she says 'If you are going to Shinjuku (since you are going), could you buy me a cake?'

• 1「行くと」 expresses a general conditional or a sequence of events (when you go, you will...), which is too broad and less natural for making a specific request based on a known plan.
• 2「行けば」 is a general conditional 'if you go'. While grammatically possible, 「んなら」 is much more natural in conversation when responding to someone's specific stated intention.
• 3「行ってたら」 is a contraction of 行っていたら, which implies a counterfactual or ongoing state ('if you were going' or 'if you had gone'), which doesn't fit the present intention 'I'm going to Shinjuku'.

• 〜んなら — if (based on a fact/intention); contraction of のなら
• 帰かえり — return, way back

The correct option is 3. The verb 「咲く」 (さく) is intransitive and takes the particle が (花が咲く). However, the sentence uses the particle を (花を...). To make an intransitive verb transitive, the causative form is often used. 「咲かせた」 (さかせた) is the causative form, meaning 'to make bloom' or 'to bloom successfully'. '花を咲かせた' means 'bloomed flowers'.

• 1「咲いた」 is the past tense of the intransitive verb 咲く. It cannot take the object particle を.
• 2「咲いている」 is the te-iru form of the intransitive verb 咲く. It also cannot take the particle を.
• 4「咲くだろう」 is the volitional/probability form of the intransitive verb 咲く. It cannot take the particle を.

• 咲さく — to bloom (intransitive)
• 咲さかせる — to make bloom, to bloom (causative/transitive)
• 校庭こうてい — schoolyard

The correct option is 3. 「お/ご + verb stem + 願います」 is a polite pattern used to request an action from the listener. 「お知らせ願います」 means 'please inform'. The sender of the email is asking the participants to inform Murata of their intention to participate.

• 1「いたします」 is a humble verb. 「お知らせいたします」 would mean 'I will inform you', which is backwards because the sender wants the participants to inform Murata.
• 2「なさいませ」 is a polite imperative (please do). It is too commanding for an internal company email asking for participation.
• 4「申し上げます」 is a humble verb for 'to say'. 「お知らせ申し上げます」 would mean 'I inform', which has the same backwards subject issue as option 1.

• 各位かくい — Dear all, to everyone concerned
• 開催かいさいする — to hold (an event), to host
• お/ご〜願います（お/ご〜ねがいます） — please do ~ (polite request pattern)