N1 Grammar · Test 13

The correct order is 3→1→★→2, producing: 森林を単に木材の供給源としてのみではなく、水や空気を育む環境資源と捉えることの重要性が… ('the importance of viewing forests not merely as a source of timber supply but as an environmental resource that nurtures water and air'). The ★ slot (third position) is filled by option 1 「のみではなく」, which connects to the preceding 「として」 to form 「～としてのみではなく」('not only as~'). The sentence then contrasts the narrow view (timber source) with the broader view (environmental resource).

• 2「環境資源」belongs in the fourth slot, right before 「と捉える」, forming 「環境資源と捉える」('consider as an environmental resource'). Placing it in the ★ slot would break the grammatical chain.
• 3「として」belongs in the first slot, immediately after 「供給源」, creating 「供給源として」('as a supply source'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 4「水や空気を育む」belongs in the second slot, modifying 「環境資源」as a relative clause: 「水や空気を育む環境資源」('an environmental resource that nurtures water and air'). It cannot go in the ★ position.

• 供給源きょうきゅうげん — source of supply
• 育はぐくむ — to nurture, to raise
• 環境資源かんきょうしげん — environmental resource
• のみではなく — not only~ (but also)
• 捉とらえる — to view, to consider, to grasp

The correct order is 1→3→★→2, producing: たとえ相手がどういうチームだろうと精一杯やるだけです ('No matter what kind of team the opponent is, I'll just do my best'). The ★ slot (third position) is filled by option 4 「チームだろうと」, which completes the concessive pattern 「たとえ～だろうと」('no matter what~'). Together with 「どういう」it forms 「どういうチームだろうと」('no matter what kind of team').

• 1「相手が」belongs in the first slot, right after 「たとえ」, setting up the subject of the concessive clause: 「たとえ相手が～」('even if the opponent~').
• 2「精一杯」belongs in the fourth slot, modifying 「やる」: 「精一杯やるだけです」('just do my best'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 3「どういう」belongs in the second slot, modifying 「チーム」: 「どういうチーム」('what kind of team'). It cannot go in the ★ position.

• たとえ～だろうと — no matter what~ / even if~
• 精一杯せいいっぱい — with all one's might, doing one's best
• 対戦相手たいせんあいて — opponent (in a match)
• 優勝候補ゆうしょうこうほ — championship candidate/favorite

The correct order is 4→1→★→3, producing: 手間がかかっている分、ほかの店のものとは比べ物にならないおいしさだ ('The effort that goes into them means a deliciousness that is incomparable to other shops' products'). The ★ slot (third position) is filled by option 2 「ものとは」, which connects 「ほかの店の」to 「比べ物にならない」: 「ほかの店のものとは比べ物にならない」('incomparable to things from other shops').

• 1「ほかの店の」belongs in the second slot, modifying 「もの」: 「ほかの店のもの」('things from other shops'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 3「比べ物にならない」belongs in the fourth slot, right before 「おいしさだ」, forming the adjective phrase that modifies おいしさ: 「比べ物にならないおいしさ」('incomparable deliciousness').
• 4「かかっている分」belongs in the first slot, right after 「手間が」, forming 「手間がかかっている分」('the portion/amount of effort spent → because effort is spent, accordingly~'). It cannot go in the ★ position.

• 手間てまがかかる — to take time/effort
• ～分（～ぶん） — the amount/degree of~ (indicating proportionate result)
• 比べ物にならない（くらべものにならない） — incomparable, beyond comparison
• 高たかめ — somewhat high (priced)

The correct order is 2→4→★→1, producing: 私は仕事で大阪に行ったついでに一度会ってそれっきりだから10年ぶりになるかな ('I met him once when I happened to go to Osaka for work, and that was the last time, so it's been about 10 years'). The ★ slot (third position) is filled by option 3 「それっきりだから」, meaning 'since that was the only/last time,' which explains why it has been so long (10 years).

• 1「10年ぶりに」belongs in the fourth slot, right before 「なるかな」: 「10年ぶりになるかな」('it'll be about 10 years since I last saw him'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 2「大阪に行ったついでに」belongs in the first slot, right after 「仕事で」, forming 「仕事で大阪に行ったついでに」('while going to Osaka for work, on the occasion of~'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 4「一度会って」belongs in the second slot, after the first phrase: 「大阪に行ったついでに一度会って」('met him once while visiting Osaka'). It cannot go in the ★ position.

• ついでに — on the occasion of, while one is at it
• それっきり — since then and nothing more; that was the last time
• ～ぶり — for the first time in~ (period)

The correct order is 2→3→★→4, producing: 読んでみようかぐらいの気持ちでしかなかった ('I only had the feeling of maybe trying to read it'). The ★ slot (third position) is filled by option 1 「気持ち」, which is the core noun of the phrase. The full structure is 「～ぐらいの気持ちでしかなかった」('it was nothing more than the feeling of~'), showing the speaker's initial lukewarm attitude before becoming absorbed.

• 2「ぐらい」belongs in the first slot, right after 「読んでみようか」, forming 「読んでみようかぐらい」('just about trying to read it'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 3「の」belongs in the second slot, linking 「ぐらい」to 「気持ち」: 「ぐらいの気持ち」('a feeling of about~'). It cannot go in the ★ position.
• 4「で」belongs in the fourth slot, right before 「しかなかった」: 「気持ちでしかなかった」('it was only a feeling'). It cannot go in the ★ position.

• ～ぐらい — to the extent/degree of~ (here: just barely, only)
• ～でしかない — it is nothing more than~
• 夢中むちゅうになる — to be absorbed in, to be crazy about
• 一気いっきに — in one go, all at once

も is correct. 「40代も後半となり」means 'having now also reached the latter half of one's 40s.' The particle も adds the nuance of 'as well / in addition to other signs of aging,' emphasizing that this milestone is yet another indicator of entering middle age. This pairs naturally with 「とうとう中高年の仲間入りだ」('I've finally joined the ranks of the middle-aged and elderly').

• 1を marks a direct object, but 後半 is not being acted upon by a verb here. The structure 「～後半となり」('becoming the latter half') uses となる, so を is grammatically impossible.
• 2へ indicates direction, but 「40代へ後半となり」is ungrammatical. へ cannot connect 40代 to 後半 in this sentence structure.
• 4まで means 'until,' which would give '40代まで後半となり' — this doesn't form a coherent meaning. The sentence is about reaching a stage, not a limit.

• 後半こうはん — latter half
• 仲間入なかまいり — joining a group / becoming a member of
• 中高年ちゅうこうねん — middle-aged and elderly

使いようによっては is correct. This is a well-known Japanese proverb: 「毒も使いようによっては薬になる」('Even poison can become medicine depending on how you use it'). ～ようによっては means 'depending on how (one does something),' expressing that the outcome varies by method or approach.

• 1使うとなると means 'when it comes to using (it),' introducing a topic/condition. It doesn't convey the 'depending on how' meaning needed here.
• 2使おうものなら means 'if one were to use (it),' a conditional implying a negative/threatening consequence. It doesn't fit the proverb's meaning of 'depending on usage.'
• 3使わんばかりに means 'as if about to use (it),' describing an appearance or manner. Grammatically and semantically it doesn't fit this sentence.

• 使つかいようによっては — depending on how one uses it
• 毒どく — poison
• 薬くすり — medicine

見え is correct. 「見えざる敵」means 'an enemy that cannot be seen' (invisible enemy). ざる is a classical/literary negative suffix attached to the stem (未然形) of a verb. For 見える, the stem is 見え, so the negative form is 見えざる. This ざる functions like an adjective modifying the noun 敵.

• 1見てざる is grammatically invalid. ざる attaches to the verb's 未然形 (imperfective stem), not to the て-form.
• 3見る would produce 見ざる, not 見るざる. The ざる suffix must attach directly to the stem (見 → 見ざる), so inserting 見る as-is before ざる is wrong.
• 4見えるざる is incorrect because ざる attaches to the 未然形 (stem), not the dictionary form. The correct form is 見えざる, not 見えるざる.

• 見みえざる — invisible / cannot be seen (classical negative form of 見える)
• 圧巻あっかん — the best part / masterpiece / highlight
• おびえる — to be frightened / to be terrified

まず is correct. 「まず間違いない」is a common fixed expression meaning 'there is almost certainly no mistake' or 'it is virtually certain.' まず here means 'in all likelihood / almost certainly,' and it pairs naturally with 間違いない.

• 2よく means 'often / well,' which does not collocate with 間違いない in this context. 「よく間違いない」is not a natural Japanese expression.
• 3かりに means 'hypothetically / suppose,' which contradicts the certainty expressed by 間違いない. The sentence is asserting near-certainty, not a hypothetical.
• 4なかなか means 'quite / rather' or 'with difficulty.' While it can modify adjectives, 「なかなか間違いない」is not a natural collocation and doesn't convey the 'almost certainly' meaning needed here.

• まず — in all likelihood / almost certainly (when paired with 間違いない)
• 手に入れる（てにいれる） — to obtain / to get
• 間違まちがいない — there is no mistake / certain

ねがいたい is correct. This is a humble (謙譲語) expression from the staff's perspective. 「ご変更ねがいたい」means 'I would like to request the change.' The staff is humbly stating their desire to make the change for the customer. ご～ねがいたい is a humble pattern where the staff requests/asks for something. The sentence means: 'Your desired hotel is fully booked, so I would like to change (your reservation) to another hotel... is that alright?'

• 2なさりたい is 尊敬語 (honorific) meaning 'you (the customer) want to do.' But the subject who wants to make the change is the staff, not the customer, so this is the wrong politeness direction.
• 3くださりたい is grammatically incorrect. くださる is 尊敬語 for 'to give (to me),' and くださりたい ('you want to give') doesn't fit this sentence pattern at all.
• 4になりたい is 尊敬語 meaning 'you want to become,' which doesn't make sense with ご変更. The staff is the one initiating the change, not the customer.

• ご変更ねがいたい（ごへんこうねがいたい） — I would like to request the change (humble form)
• 満室まんしつ — fully booked / no vacancies