N1 Grammar · Test 18

出しっぱなしにして means 'leaving (the water) running.' The sentence says 'Leaving the water running while brushing your teeth is wasteful.' The grammar 〜っぱなし indicates leaving something in an ongoing state without stopping it, which perfectly fits leaving tap water running.

• 1出しがてら is not a valid expression. 〜がてら means 'doing X while also doing Y' (e.g., 散歩がてら買い物に行く), but 出しがてら does not fit here grammatically or semantically.
• 3出すほどにして is ungrammatical in this context. 〜ほどに would suggest 'to the extent of,' which does not produce a natural sentence here.
• 4出すのみにして is not a natural construction. 〜のみ means 'only,' and 'leaving it only to running water' does not make sense.

• 〜っぱなし — leaving something in a state (e.g., on, open, running) without attending to it; also conveys a slight negative nuance of negligence
• もったいない — wasteful, too good to waste

即した (そくした) means 'in accordance with, based on, conforming to.' 政府の方針に即した計画を立てた = 'drew up a plan in accordance with the government's policy.' This is the correct collocation for aligning a plan with a policy or guideline.

• 1ついだ is the past tense of つく (付く), but 方針についだ is not a standard expression meaning 'in accordance with.' The intended grammar point is 即する, not 付く.
• 2至った (いたった) means 'reached.' 方針に至った would mean 'reached the policy,' which does not modify 計画 sensibly.
• 4比した (ひした) means 'compared to.' 方針に比した計画 = 'a plan compared to the policy,' which is not the intended meaning.

• 即そくする — to conform to, to be in accordance with (〜に即して/即した: based on, in line with)
• 方針ほうしん — policy, guideline, direction

皮切りに (かわきりに) means 'starting with ~, beginning with ~.' 明日の公演を皮切りに今年は10都市をまわる予定である = 'Starting with tomorrow's performance, the troupe plans to tour 10 cities this year.' This correctly expresses that tomorrow's performance is the first in a series.

• 2顧みず (かえりみず) means 'without regard for, ignoring.' 明日の公演を顧みず would mean 'ignoring tomorrow's performance,' which makes no sense here.
• 3前にして (まえにして) means 'on the eve of, just before.' 明日の公演を前にして = 'just before tomorrow's performance,' which does not convey 'starting with.'
• 4禁じえず (きんじえず) means 'cannot help but, cannot refrain from.' This does not fit the context of touring cities starting with a performance.

• 皮切かわきり — starting point, beginning (〜を皮切りに: starting with ~, with ~ as the first)
• 公演こうえん — performance, public presentation
• 評判ひょうばん — reputation, public评价, acclaim

〜ときたら means 'when it comes to ~, speaking of ~' with a tone of criticism or exasperation. 最近の若い親ときたら = 'Those young parents these days...' The sentence expresses the speaker's frustration that young parents do not even try to discipline their noisy children on trains. This matches the critical nuance of 〜ときたら perfectly.

• 1あれば means 'if there is.' 若い親とあれば would mean 'if it is young parents,' which does not produce the intended critical 'those ~ parents' nuance.
• 2いえども means 'even if one says / even though.' 若い親といえども = 'even if they are young parents,' which would express concession, not the speaker's exasperation.
• 3ばかりに means 'just because, on account of (with negative result).' 若い親とばかりに is not a natural construction and does not convey the critical 'those ~' meaning.

• 〜ときたら — when it comes to ~, those ~ (used to bring up a topic, often with a tone of complaint or exasperation)
• 騒さわぐ — to make noise, to be rowdy
• ちっとも — not at all (used with negative verb)

「お忙しいところを」 is a fixed polite expression used to acknowledge that you are interrupting someone who is busy. It means 'I know you are busy, but...' and is commonly followed by apologetic or request phrases like 「恐れ入りますが」. The noun 「ところ」 here refers to a situation/moment in progress, and 「〜ところを」 marks the circumstance under which an action is being done despite it being inconvenient.

• 2「ものを」 is not used in this pattern. 「もの」 can appear in patterns like 「〜ものの」(although) or 「〜ものを」(should have, but didn't) expressing regret, but it does not fit the polite interruption context here.
• 3「とさを」 is not a valid Japanese expression in this context; it appears to be a distractor resembling 「ところを」.
• 4「ことを」 is grammatically possible as 'the fact that...', but it is not the set phrase used for politely acknowledging someone's busy state. 「お忙しいところを」 is the idiomatic expression.

• ところを — while you are (doing something); at a time when (someone is in a certain state) — used to acknowledge an inconvenient circumstance before making a request/apology
• 恐れ入ります（おそれいります） — I am sorry to trouble you; excuse me (humble/polite expression)

Option 2 「問わず」(とわず) means 'regardless of' and is used after a noun (often with を) to indicate that something is done without regard to that factor. The sentence means: 'In order to gather many excellent human resources regardless of academic background, our company abolished the academic background column on resumes.' 学歴を問わず ('regardless of academic background') fits perfectly here.

• 1「もって」(以て) means 'by means of' or 'as of.' 学歴をもって would mean 'by means of academic background,' which contradicts the intent of abolishing the academic background column.
• 3「皮切りに」(かわきりに) means 'starting with (X) as the first in a series.' It does not fit the context of disregarding academic background.
• 4「こめて」(込めて) means 'with (feelings/emotion) put into something,' e.g., 感謝を込めて ('with gratitude'). It cannot be used with 学歴.

• 問とわず — regardless of, without regard to
• 学歴がくれき — academic background, educational history
• 履歴書りれきしょ — resume, curriculum vitae
• 廃止はいし — abolition, repeal

Option 2 「ぬきには」(抜きには) means 'without (X), it is impossible to...' and is followed by a negative potential expression. The sentence means: 'Without the cooperation of countries that emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, it would probably be impossible to prevent global warming.' 協力ぬきには～できないだろう fits perfectly.

• 1「をひかえ」(を控え) means 'with (X) approaching/impending' or 'in anticipation of.' It does not convey 'without.'
• 3「までなら」means 'if as far as' or 'up to (X), then.' It does not fit the structure needed here.
• 4「にひきかえ」(に引き換え) means 'in contrast to' or 'as opposed to.' It expresses comparison, not necessity/condition.

• ぬきには（抜きには） — without [X] (it is impossible to...)
• 二酸化炭素にさんかたんそ — carbon dioxide
• 温暖化おんだんか — global warming
• 協力きょうりょく — cooperation

Option 2 「ことのないよう」means 'so that (X) does not happen.' The sentence means: 'There is a need to protect (them) so that apartment residents are not suddenly evicted.' 追い出されることのないよう ('so that they are not evicted') is grammatically and semantically correct.

• 1「ことになるよう」would mean 'so that it ends up happening,' which would mean 'so that they end up being evicted' — the opposite of what is intended.
• 3「ことにすればこそ」is not a well-formed grammatical pattern. ことにする means 'to decide to,' and こそ adds emphasis, but the combination does not produce a meaningful result here.
• 4「ことがなければこそ」is also not a natural grammatical construction. ことがない means 'there is no case of,' but attaching こそ here does not produce a correct expression for 'so that it doesn't happen.'

• ことのないよう — so that [X] does not happen (precautionary)
• 住人じゅうにん — resident
• 追い出される（おいだされる） — to be evicted, to be thrown out
• 保護ほご — protection

Option 3 「しようとしまいと」means 'whether (X) happens or not.' The sentence means: 'Whether the people around me oppose or not, my feelings won't change.' 反対しようとしまいと ('whether they oppose or not') is the correct pattern: V-volitional + と + V-まい + と.

• 1「しないとばかりに」is not a standard grammatical pattern. とばかりに means 'as if to say,' but combining it with しないと does not produce a meaningful expression here.
• 2「したそばから」(した傍から) means 'no sooner does (X) happen than (Y)' or 'every time (X) happens, immediately (Y).' It implies a repeated, futile cycle, which does not fit the context.
• 4「するとすれば」means 'if (they) were to oppose.' This only presents one conditional scenario, not the 'whether or not' meaning needed.

• 〜ようと〜まいと — whether [X] happens or not
• 反対はんたい — opposition, to oppose
• 周囲しゅうい — surroundings, people around

Option 1 「かたわら」(傍ら) means 'while doing (X) (as one's main activity), also doing (Y) (as a side activity).' The sentence means: 'While working at a company, he actively engages in welfare activities.' 会社勤めのかたわら correctly expresses doing a secondary activity alongside a primary one.

• 2「あまり」(余り) means 'due to excessive (X),' e.g., 働きすぎのあまり ('from working too much'). It expresses a negative cause, not simultaneous activities.
• 3「うちに」means 'while/during (X)' or 'before (X) changes.' While it can indicate simultaneity, it does not convey the nuance of a secondary activity alongside a main one as naturally as かたわら.
• 4「いかんで」(如何で) means 'depending on (X).' It expresses conditionality, not simultaneous action.

• かたわら（傍ら） — while doing [X] (main activity), also doing [Y] (side activity)
• 会社勤かいしゃづとめ — working at a company, company employment
• 福祉活動ふくしかつどう — welfare activities
• 取り組む（とりくむ） — to tackle, to engage in