N1 Grammar · Test 19

Option 3 (及ばず) is correct. The pattern 言うに及ばず means 'not to mention ~' or 'needless to say ~.' The sentence means: 'During the holidays, not to mention the beaches and mountains, even parks and museums were overflowing with parents and children.' The structure Xは言うに及ばず、Yまで… indicates that Y (which is less expected) is also true, in addition to the obvious X.

• 1及び is the dictionary form (終止形) and cannot connect to the following clause. It would need a conjunctive form to link properly.
• 2及んで is the te-form of 及ぶ, which does not form the fixed expression 言うに及んで. This pattern does not exist in standard grammar.
• 4及ばなくて is the negative te-form. While it looks similar, 言うに及ばなくて is not the established idiom. The correct fixed expression uses 及ばず (the classical/literary negative form), not 及ばなくて.

• 言うに及ばず（いうにおよばず） — not to mention ~; needless to say ~ (used when something even more surprising/ notable follows)
• 及およぶ — to reach, to extend to, to amount to

Option 4 (ならいざしらず) is correct. The pattern Xならいざしらず means 'if it were X, it might be understandable, but…' and is used to contrast a case that could be excused with the actual (more serious) case at hand. The sentence means: 'For a new employee it might be one thing, but I can't believe that you, who has been with the company for 8 years, would make this kind of mistake.' The structure sets up 新入社員 as the excusable case and contrasts it with the 8-year veteran.

• 1とすれば means 'if we assume ~' and would make the sentence mean 'if we assume you are a new employee…' which doesn't fit the contrastive nuance needed here.
• 2ともなれば means 'when it comes to ~' or 'in the case of ~,' implying that something naturally follows. It doesn't express the contrastive 'might be understandable for X, but not for Y' meaning needed here.
• 3なるがゆえに means 'because of being ~' and would give a causal explanation, not a contrast. It doesn't fit the structure of the sentence at all.

• ならいざしらず — if it were ~, it might be understandable (but…); for ~ it might be one thing, but…
• いざしらず — might be excusable / might be another matter (used after a noun + なら)

Option 3 (話そうものなら) is correct. The pattern V-ようものなら means 'if one were to (do something), then (something bad/extreme would happen).' It expresses a hypothetical condition with an undesirable or dramatic consequence. The sentence means: 'If you say even one word to him, the rumor would spread in no time.' The volitional form 話そう + ものなら creates this 'if you so much as…' nuance.

• 1話そうとも would mean 'even if (someone) tries to talk,' using とも for 'even.' This doesn't create the conditional-consequence relationship needed here.
• 2話すにしても means 'even if (someone) talks' or 'even assuming (someone) talks.' While it has a conditional element, it doesn't convey the strong 'if you so much as do X, then Y will happen' warning nuance that the sentence requires.
• 4話すにとどまらず means 'not stopping at talking' or 'not limited to talking.' This doesn't fit the conditional structure at all; the sentence needs 'if you talk, then…' not 'not only talking.'

• 〜ようものなら — if one were to ~ (then something bad/extreme would happen); if you so much as ~
• あっという間に（あっというまに） — in the blink of an eye, in no time

Option 2 (というもの) is correct. The pattern ここ + (time period) + というもの means 'throughout this entire (period)' or 'for this whole (period).' It emphasizes that a state has continued uninterrupted for the entire duration. The sentence means: 'She has been absent from class for this entire past month.' ここ1か月というもの stresses the full, continuous one-month period.

• 1としては means 'as ~' or 'standing in the position of ~.' It would make the sentence mean 'as this one month…' which is nonsensical in this context.
• 3ともなると means 'when it comes to ~' or 'once it becomes ~,' implying a natural consequence. It doesn't express continuous duration.
• 4としてみると means 'looking at it as ~' or 'considering it as ~.' This doesn't convey the meaning of a continuous state over a period of time.

• 〜というもの — throughout the entire ~; for the whole ~ (used after ここ + time period to emphasize continuous duration)
• 休やすむ — to be absent, to take a day off

Option 1 (を押して) is correct. The pattern 反対を押して means 'pushing aside opposition' or 'despite opposition.' 押す here means to push through or override. The sentence means: 'My sister married despite our parents' opposition.' The structure Nを押して indicates acting against or despite some resistance or objection.

• 2をおいて means 'except for ~' or 'leaving aside ~.' 反対をおいて would mean 'leaving aside the opposition,' which doesn't convey 'despite opposition.' This is a common distractor using a similar-looking verb.
• 3につけても means 'whenever ~' or 'on every occasion of ~.' It expresses emotional association with a trigger, not 'despite.' It doesn't fit here at all.
• 4にてらして means 'based on ~' or 'in light of ~' (てらす = to reflect/based on). 反対にてらして would mean 'based on the opposition,' which is the opposite of the intended meaning.

• 〜を押して（〜をおして） — despite ~; pushing aside ~ (acting against resistance or opposition)
• 反対はんたい — opposition, objection

いかにも (ikanimo) means 'truly', 'indeed', or 'certainly', and it is used to emphasize that something is exactly as described or perfectly fits a description. In this sentence, 'いかにも秋らしい' means 'truly autumn-like' or 'the very picture of autumn', which naturally modifies 'いい天気だ' (it is fine weather). This is a classic collocation in Japanese.

• 2つとめて (tsutomete) means 'as much as possible' or 'trying hard'. It is used when making an effort to do something (e.g., つとめて平静を装う - try to look calm). It does not fit the context of describing the weather.
• 3とかく (tokaku) means 'tending to', 'apt to', or 'easily', usually pointing to a tendency or habit, often negative (e.g., とかく風邪を引きやすい - apt to catch a cold). It cannot modify '秋らしい' to describe the current weather.
• 4まるて is not a valid Japanese word. It is almost certainly a transcription error (OCR mistake) for まるで (marude). Even if it were まるで, it means 'completely' or 'as if' and is typically followed by a simile ending in ようだ or a negative expression (e.g., まるで夢のようだ - like a dream). It does not pair with '秋らしい' in this context.

• いかにも — truly, indeed, certainly; perfectly fits a description
• つとめて — as much as possible, trying hard
• とかく — tending to, apt to, easily
• まるで — completely, entirely; as if (usually followed by ようだ or a negative)

The sentence means 'For a small child to stay home alone, it must be a ( ) thing.' The pattern さぞ〜だろう expresses a strong conjecture like 'must be...' or 'I'm sure it is...'. The correct option is こころぼそい (心細い), which means 'uneasy', 'anxious', or 'lonely/insecure'. It perfectly describes the feeling a small child would have when left home alone.

• 1うっとうしい (鬱陶しい) means 'annoying' or 'bothersome'. This does not fit the context of a child being left alone, which evokes feelings of insecurity rather than annoyance.
• 3なさけない (情けない) means 'pitiful', 'miserable', or 'heartless'. While the situation might be seen as pitiful from an outside perspective, it does not describe the child's internal feeling of insecurity as well as こころぼそい does.
• 4ものたりない (物足りない) means 'unsatisfying' or 'lacking something'. This is completely out of context for a child staying home alone.

• さぞ — surely, no doubt (used with conjectural expressions like だろう)
• 留守番るすばん — house-sitting, staying home alone
• 心細こころぼそい — uneasy, anxious, lonely, feeling insecure
• 鬱陶うっとうしい — annoying, bothersome, gloomy
• 情なさけない — pitiful, miserable, heartless
• 物足ものたりない — unsatisfying, lacking something

ガレージ (garage) fits the context perfectly: 'Our garage has a narrow entrance, so it's hard to get the car in.' The sentence talks about a place where you put a car, and a garage is exactly that.

• 2スタジオ means 'studio' (e.g., art studio, recording studio). It is not a place for parking cars, so it doesn't fit the context of 車が入れにくい (hard to get a car in).
• 3ステージ means 'stage' (as in a performance stage). It has nothing to do with parking a car.
• 4フロント means 'front' or 'front desk' (e.g., a hotel reception). It is not a structure where you park a car.

• ガレージ（がれーじ） — garage
• スタジオ（すたじお） — studio
• ステージ（すてーじ） — stage
• フロント（ふろんと） — front (desk)

抗議（こうぎ）する means 'to protest / to lodge a complaint.' The sentence says a TV program's expression was discriminatory, so the person promptly protested to the broadcasting station. This is the natural and correct word.

• 1協議（きょうぎ）する means 'to discuss / to confer.' It implies a mutual discussion, not a one-sided protest or complaint, so it doesn't fit the situation of objecting to discriminatory content.
• 2決議（けつぎ）する means 'to pass a resolution.' This is something a committee or assembly does, not an action an individual takes toward a broadcasting station.
• 4物議（ぶつぎ）を醸（かも）す is a set phrase meaning 'to cause a public controversy / stir up public debate.' 物議 alone is a noun meaning 'public criticism/controversy,' but you cannot say 「放送局に物議した」—it is not a verb and does not take に in this way.

• 抗議こうぎ — protest, objection
• 協議きょうぎ — discussion, conference
• 決議けつぎ — resolution
• 物議ぶつぎ — public controversy, public criticism

大胆（だいたん）な means 'bold, daring.' The sentence contrasts the person's quiet appearance with their surprising actions: 'They look mild-mannered, but what they do is bold, so I'm surprised.' 大胆 describes behavior that is audacious or fearless, fitting perfectly.

• 1盛大（せいだい）な means 'grand, lavish,' used for events or ceremonies (e.g., 盛大なパーティー). It doesn't describe a person's individual actions in this way.
• 2膨大（ぼうだい）な means 'enormous, huge in volume/quantity,' used for amounts of data, money, etc. It doesn't describe the nature of someone's actions.
• 3大体（だいたい） means 'roughly, mostly' or 'on the whole.' It doesn't fit grammatically or semantically here—することが大体でびっくりさせられる is nonsensical.

• 大胆だいたん — bold, daring
• 盛大せいだい — grand, lavish
• 膨大ぼうだい — enormous, huge (in volume)
• 大体だいたい — roughly, mostly