N1 Grammar · Test 45

The pattern V-ます stem (continuative form) + 次第(しだい) means 'as soon as ~, I will ~.' Here, わかり (the ます-stem of わかる) + 次第 gives 'as soon as we know the test results, we will contact you.' This is a common formal/business expression.

• 1わかる is the dictionary form. 次第 must attach to the V-ます stem (わかり), not the dictionary form. This form cannot precede 次第.
• 3わかって is the て-form. While て-form can connect clauses, 次第 specifically requires the ます-stem, not the て-form.
• 4わかった is the past tense (た-form). 次第 does not attach to the past tense form.

• 次第しだい — as soon as (attached to V-ます stem)
• 検査けんさ — examination, inspection
• 結果けっか — result

The pattern 〜が最後(さいご) means 'once ~ happens, there is no going back / it's all over.' It is used with a past-tense verb to express that once something occurs, a negative or irreversible state follows. いったん失ったが最後 = 'once (trust) is lost, it's difficult to recover.' The word いったん ('once/if ever') pairs naturally with this grammar point.

• 1末(すえ)に means 'after a long process, finally ~.' It does not convey the irreversible 'once it happens, it's over' nuance needed here.
• 3ものの means 'although ~ (concession).' While it could grammatically follow 失った, it would mean 'although (trust) was lost, recovering it is difficult,' which is logically redundant rather than expressing the intended 'once lost, it's gone' meaning.
• 4とみるや is not a standard grammar point in this context. 〜や(否や) means 'as soon as ~,' but とみるや is not an established pattern and does not fit here.

• が最後（がさいご） — once ~ happens, it's all over (irreversible)
• いったん — once, if ever
• 信用しんよう — trust, credibility
• 取り戻す（とりもどす） — to recover, to regain

The pattern どんな + N + であれ means 'no matter what N / regardless of N.' どんな理由であれ = 'whatever the reason may be.' This is a formal expression used to say that something applies regardless of the condition.

• 1だに means 'even ~ (let alone)' or 'merely ~,' and attaches to nouns or verb stems in literary expressions (e.g., 夢にだに見ない). It does not fit after どんな理由 here.
• 3ならば is a conditional ('if ~'). どんな理由ならば would mean 'if the reason is ~,' which does not convey 'regardless of the reason.'
• 4にてらし is not a valid grammar point. 〜に照らし(てらして) means 'in light of ~,' but にてらし alone is not a correct form and does not fit this sentence.

• であれ — no matter what ~ is / regardless of (formal)
• 理由りゆう — reason
• 許ゆるされない — cannot be forgiven / is not permissible

The pattern N + といえども means 'even though it is N / even N.' 連休といえども = 'even though it is a long holiday.' The sentence means: 'Work has piled up, so even though it's a long holiday, I have to go to work every day.' This is a formal concessive expression.

• 2いえれば is the potential form of いう ('if one can say'). 連休といえれば would mean 'if you call it a long holiday,' which does not convey the concessive 'even though' meaning needed here.
• 3いうならまだしも means 'if it were ~, that would be one thing, but...' This would imply the situation is NOT actually a 連休, which contradicts the sentence's meaning.
• 4いったからには means 'since (someone) said ~, then ~.' This would mean 'since (someone) called it a long holiday, then ~,' which makes no sense in this context.

• といえども — even though it is ~ / even ~ (formal concessive)
• 連休れんきゅう — consecutive holidays, long weekend
• 出社しゅっしゃ — going to work (at the office)

The pattern 〜とは is used to express surprise or astonishment: 'To think that ~!' 普段はおとなしい彼があんなに怒るとは = 'To think that he, who is usually mild-mannered, would get that angry —.' The sentence then infers the cause: 'he must have been told something really terrible.' The とは marks the speaker's surprise at something unexpected.

• 2ときたら is used to bring up a topic, often with criticism or complaint (e.g., うちの猫ときたら…). It does not express the surprise/astonishment nuance needed here, and it would not connect well to the following inference.
• 3といっては means 'whenever ~, one says ~' or 'if you say ~.' It does not fit the structure here, where the speaker is expressing surprise at a past event.
• 4とばかりに means 'as if to say ~' and describes someone's attitude or action (e.g., いいチャンスとばかりに…). It does not express the speaker's surprise about a fact.

• とは — to think that ~! (expresses surprise/astonishment at something unexpected)
• 普段ふだん — usually, normally
• おとなしい — mild-mannered, quiet
• よほど — very, extremely (implies a strong degree)

The correct answer is 3. なりに means 'in one's own way' / 'to the best of one's (own) ability/style.' 自分なりに = 'in my own way.' The sentence reads: 'The reason I was able to succeed in business is that I repeatedly made efforts in my own way.' なりに expresses that the person did things according to their own approach, which fits the humble, self-reflective tone of the sentence.

• 1とはいえ means 'even though / even if one says…' (e.g., 春とはいえ、まだ寒い). 自分とはいえ would mean 'even though it is myself,' which does not connect meaningfully with 工夫を重ねた.
• 2にかかわり means 'regardless of…' or 'related to…' (e.g., 性別にかかわりなく). 自分にかかわり would mean 'related to myself' or 'regardless of myself,' which does not produce the intended 'in my own way' meaning.
• 4なくして means 'without…' (similar to なしには). 自分なくして would mean 'without myself,' which is nonsensical in this context — the speaker is attributing success to their own efforts, not saying they could not have done it without themselves.

• なりに — in one's own way / to the extent of one's (ability/style); N1 grammar
• とはいえ — even though / be that as it may
• にかかわり — regardless of… / related to…
• なくして — without… (followed by negative outcome)
• 工夫を重ねる（くふうをかさねる） — to repeatedly devise/innovate, to make repeated efforts

The correct answer is 3. 置かせていただいても uses the causative-passive form 置かせて (from 置く, 'to put/place') + いただく ('to receive the favor of'). The pattern 〜させていただいてもいいですか is a humble way of asking permission: 'May I be allowed to…?' The sentence reads: 'May I place my umbrella by the door?' The speaker is asking to perform the action themselves, and させていただく is the standard humble form for requesting permission to do one's own action.

• 1置かせてくださっても uses causative + くださる, meaning 'would you let me place…?' While grammatically possible, this frames the listener as the one granting the favor (you let me), which is less natural than させていただく for asking permission to do one's own action. In JLPT, させていただく is the preferred humble permission-request pattern.
• 2お置きくださっても uses the honorific お〜くださる, which means 'would you (honored person) place…?' This asks the listener to place the umbrella, but it is the speaker's own umbrella and the speaker wants to place it themselves. The honorific is directed at the wrong person.
• 4お置きになっても uses the honorific お〜になる, which also means 'would you (honored person) place…?' Like option 2, this asks the listener to perform the action, but the speaker wants to do it themselves. The subject is wrong.

• させていただく — to humbly receive permission to do something; humble causative-passive (N1 grammar)
• お〜くださる — honorific: you (respected person) kindly do…
• お〜になる — honorific: respected person does…
• 置おく — to put, to place

すべく is the continuative form of すべし (するべし), meaning 'in order to (do)' or 'with the intention of (doing)'. The sentence reads: 'An investigation was conducted in order to clarify the route of virus infection.' This fits perfectly — the investigation was carried out with the purpose of clarifying the infection route.

• 1すまじと is not a valid grammatical expression in this context. It does not connect properly with 明らかにする.
• 3するはおろか would require a structure like 〜はおろか〜も/すら, meaning 'let alone.' It is used to say 'not even A, let alone B,' which does not fit here.
• 4すべからず means 'must not (do)' (prohibition, from するべからず). The sentence is not about prohibition but about purpose, so this is wrong.

• すべく — in order to do; with the intention of doing (formal, literary)
• すべからず — must not do; should not do (prohibition)
• 感染経路かんせんけいろ — route of infection

かえりみず means 'without regard for' or 'without paying attention to,' from 顧みる (to look back on / to care about) + ず (negation). The sentence reads: 'The cameraman headed to the battlefield without regard for his own life.' This fits perfectly — he disregarded his own safety.

• 1かぎりに means 'as of' or 'taking something as the limit/end,' used in expressions like 〜を限りに (as of ~). It does not mean 'disregarding.'
• 2すえに means 'in the end' or 'finally,' from 末 (end). It implies a process leading to a result, not disregard.
• 4さることながら means 'it goes without saying that ~, but also...' and is used to acknowledge one thing while emphasizing another. It does not fit grammatically or semantically here.

• かえりみず — without regard for; disregarding (from 顧みる + ず)
• かぎりに — as of; taking as the limit
• すえに — in the end; after all
• さることながら — it goes without saying that ~, but also...

がゆえに means 'because of ~' or 'for the reason that ~,' attached to nouns or na-adjective stems (with な before がゆえに, or directly to nouns). Here, 優しすぎるがゆえに means 'because (they are) too kind.' The sentence reads: 'When placed in a position to evaluate subordinates, not a few people worry because they are too kind.' This fits perfectly — being too kind is the cause of their distress.

• 1ほどには is not a standard grammatical pattern meaning 'because of.' ほど can mean 'to the extent that,' but ほどには does not convey causation here.
• 2上には is not a standard expression in this context. 上で/上では means 'after doing / in doing,' which doesn't fit.
• 3とばかりに means 'as if to say ~' or 'as though intending to ~,' indicating an apparent manner or intention. Being too kind is not something done 'as if to say,' so this is wrong.

• がゆえに — because of ~; for the reason that ~ (formal/literary)
• とばかりに — as if to say ~; as though intending to ~