N1 Reading · Test 33

The passage opens with 「まず一つは、「人間は謎」だということ」(First, one thing is that 'humans are mysteries'). After explaining why humans cannot truly understand others, the author wraps up that point with 「これが、（　41　）一つ」= 'This is, first, one (thing).' The word まず (firstly) mirrors the opening まず一つは and sets up the contrast with the next paragraph's 「それからもう一つは」(Then, another thing is...). The structure まず…それからもう一つ is a standard Japanese discourse pattern for listing items in order.

• 1あと (after/later) would imply 'this is the remaining one' or 'this is a later one,' which contradicts the discourse structure — this is the FIRST point being summarized, not a later one.
• 2また (again/also) would mean 'this is also one,' but the passage has not yet introduced a second point at this stage; また implies something already mentioned is being repeated or added, which doesn't fit the 'first point → second point' structure.
• 4もう (already/more) would give 「これが、もう一つ」= 'this is already one / this is one more,' but もう一つ means 'one more' and would imply a second item, whereas this sentence is summarizing the FIRST item.

• まず — first of all, to begin with
• それからもう一つ（それからもうひとつ） — and then another thing

The sentence says: the 'self' you show others is the 'shining part' shown according to the other person, and when you go somewhere else (ほかのところに行けば), you show a (42) face. The following examples confirm this — you show a subordinate face in front of your boss, an appropriate face in front of clients. The key contrast is between one place and 'another place,' so the face must be 'different': 別の顔をする (show a different face). This matches the theme of 千変万化 (constantly changing).

• 1同じ (same) contradicts the entire point of the paragraph, which is that people change their faces depending on the situation. Saying you show the 'same' face elsewhere would deny the 千変万化 theme.
• 3そんな (such) would refer back to a previously mentioned face, but no specific face has been described yet at this point in the sentence — the first face type is only being introduced here.
• 4あのときの (of that time) refers to a specific past moment, but the sentence describes a general pattern (ほかのところに行けば = whenever you go elsewhere), not a specific past event.

• 別べつの — different, another
• 千変万化せんぺんばんかする — to change endlessly, to transform in myriad ways

The sentence is: 「その暗いものを自分が持っているということを最初からわかって（　43　）、その人はもう、すぐにでも心が平和になるだろう」= 'If one understands from the start that they possess that dark side, that person's heart will soon become peaceful.' The ending だろう expresses a conjecture about a result that follows from a condition, so a conditional form is needed. わかっていれば = 'if (one) has understood' (ば-form of わかっている), creating the conditional 'if you understand..., your heart will become peaceful.'

• 1いて gives わかっていて, which is the te-form. A te-form would require a continuation like わかっていて、その人は… but the sentence structure with だろう at the end needs a conditional, not a sequential te-form connection.
• 3いるため gives わかっているため = 'in order to understand' or 'because of understanding.' Neither reading fits: the sentence is not about purpose, and 'because' would make だろう (conjecture) awkward after a causal clause.
• 4いたとしても gives わかっていたとしても = 'even if (one) had understood.' This concessive conditional contradicts the positive outcome — the passage says understanding WILL bring peace, not that peace comes even despite understanding.

• 〜ば — if (conditional form)
• だろう — probably, I suppose (conjecture)

The sentence concludes a paragraph about human relationships: 'human relationships involve gravity and various other things, and this is also something that (44).' The sentence is a declarative statement of what should be understood. わかってくるはずだ = 'should come to be understood' — はずだ expresses the speaker's expectation/conclusion, and 〜てくる indicates a process of understanding that comes about naturally. This fits the author's tone of drawing a conclusion: 'it should also become clear that human relationships involve gravity and various factors.'

• 1わかっていた = 'had understood' (past perfect). The sentence is about something that should be understood going forward, not something already understood in the past.
• 2わかってきたのか = 'has it come to be understood?' (question). The sentence is declarative, not interrogative — there is no reason for a question here.
• 3わかっているらしい = 'it seems (someone) understands' (hearsay). The author is stating their own conclusion, not reporting hearsay from others, so らしい is inappropriate.

• 〜はずだ — should be, is expected to (expresses speaker's expectation)
• 〜てくる — indicates a process or change that comes about over time

The preceding clause says humans 'always appear to be shining' (いつも光って見える). The following clause says 'on the back side, everyone has a pitch-dark part they don't want to show others.' This is a clear contrast between the bright, visible side and the dark, hidden side. しかしその一方で = 'however, on the other hand' — しかし marks the contrast, and その一方で introduces the opposing aspect. This perfectly bridges 'always shining' → 'but on the other hand, the back is pitch dark.'

• 2そうしたからといって = 'just because (one) did so.' This would imply a concessive like 'even so, that doesn't mean…,' but the following clause is not a negation or concession — it simply states a fact about the dark side.
• 3例えばこのように = 'for example, like this.' The following sentence is not an example of the previous statement; it presents a contrasting fact, not an illustration.
• 4どちらかというとむしろ = 'if anything, rather.' This is used to express a preference or correction of an impression, but the relationship here is simple contrast (bright side vs. dark side), not a 'rather than X, it's Y' correction.

• しかしその一方で（しかしそのいっぽうで） — however, on the other hand
• 真っ暗（まっくら） — pitch dark, completely dark