N1 Reading · Test 1

Option 2 (買ってきましょう) is correct. The passage is written as advice/instructions from the author to the reader. The volitional form 〜ましょう ('let's do X') fits this advisory tone perfectly: 'Let's run to the pet shop and buy delicious-looking dog cookies.' The writer is telling the reader what action to take, making the volitional the natural choice.

• 1買ってきたわけです ('the reason I bought (them)') uses the past tense plus the explanatory わけ, which would describe a reason for something already done. This does not fit the instructional tone where the reader is being told what to do.
• 3かってきたはずです ('should have bought') uses past speculation/conjecture (はずです), implying the buying already happened and the speaker is reasoning about it. This contradicts the forward-looking advice context. Note: this option is written in hiragana か rather than kanji 買, which is a transcription defect (see issues).
• 4買ってくるのでしょう ('will probably buy') uses speculative でしょう, suggesting a prediction rather than a recommendation. The passage is giving instructions, not making predictions about what the reader will do.

• 買かってくる — to buy and bring back
• 持参じさんする — to bring (something) along
• 手てなずける — to tame, to win over

Option 3 (その上で) is correct. その上で means 'on top of that' or 'after doing that,' indicating a next step building on the previous one. The previous paragraph instructs the reader to buy cookies and bring them. This paragraph then says, 'On top of that (having prepared the cookies), the attitude you should take is to not be fazed even if the dog barks.' その上で perfectly connects the two sequential steps in the advice.

• 1だから ('therefore') indicates a causal/conclusion relationship, but the second paragraph is not a conclusion from the first—it is an additional step. The attitude advice is not a result of buying cookies; it is a separate, complementary instruction.
• 2つまり ('in other words') signals rephrasing or summarizing the preceding content, but this paragraph introduces new information (attitude/behavior), not a restatement of buying cookies.
• 4そのために ('for that purpose') indicates means-to-end, but the attitude described here is not a means to accomplish buying cookies. The relationship is sequential/additive, not purposive.

• その上で（そのうえで） — on top of that; after doing that (as a next step)
• 動どうじる — to be shaken, to be fazed
• 逃げ腰（にげごし） — posture ready to flee; timid attitude

Option 1 (犬の) is correct. The sentence '目を合わせない、それが犬の礼儀作法です' means 'Not making eye contact—that is dog etiquette.' The passage is discussing dogs in general as a species, explaining general canine behavior and how one should behave around dogs. The generic 犬の (dog's, in general) is appropriate because this is a general rule about dogs, not about one specific dog.

• 2この犬の ('this dog's') refers to a specific dog near the speaker, but the passage is giving general advice about how to behave around dogs, not about one particular dog in front of the speaker.
• 3その犬の ('that dog's') refers to a specific dog previously mentioned. While a specific dog has been discussed, this sentence states a general principle ('dogs think they are being threatened'), so the generic 犬の is more appropriate.
• 4あの犬の ('that dog's over there') refers to a specific dog distant from both speaker and listener, which does not fit the general-principle context.

• 礼儀作法れいぎさほう — etiquette, manners
• 威嚇いかく — intimidation, threatening
• 目を合わせる（めをあわせる） — to make eye contact

Option 2 (よだれを流して迎えてくれる) is correct. The passage draws a parallel with Pavlov's experiment, where the dog salivated (よだれを出す) upon hearing the bell alone. Similarly, the dog learns that you = cookies, so eventually it will drool and welcome you (よだれを流して迎えてくれる) when it sees you—even before you give it a cookie. This directly mirrors the Pavlov experiment described at the beginning of the passage.

• 1家の中で飼えるようになる ('become able to be kept inside the house') is irrelevant. The dog is already kept inside the house (放し飼い), and the issue is not about keeping the dog but about changing its reaction to the visitor.
• 3クッキーを差し出せるようになる ('become able to offer cookies') is illogical—the dog cannot offer cookies to the human. This reverses the roles.
• 4ベルの音を聞いてすぐ食べてくれる ('eat quickly upon hearing the bell') refers to the Pavlov experiment literally, but in this scenario there is no bell. The dog associates the person (not a bell) with cookies, so this option does not fit the applied scenario.

• よだれを流す（よだれをながす） — to drool, to salivate
• 迎むかえる — to welcome, to greet
• 学習がくしゅう — learning

Option 4 (いたっていいんです) is correct. The sentence '犬好きがいるように、犬嫌いがいたっていいんです' means 'Just as there are dog lovers, it's perfectly fine for there to be dog haters.' 〜たっていいんです means 'it's okay to...' or 'there's nothing wrong with...' This matches the reassuring, accepting tone of the conclusion: the author validates the reader's dislike of dogs as natural and acceptable, just as some people love dogs.

• 1いるのでしょうか ('I wonder if there are') turns the statement into a question, which breaks the parallel structure with 犬好きがいるように ('just as there are dog lovers'). The author is not questioning whether dog haters exist; they are affirming that it is fine.
• 2いればよかったんです ('it would have been good if there were') expresses a counterfactual wish about the past, implying it would have been better if dog haters had existed. This does not fit—the author is validating the reader's current feelings, not wishing for something in the past.
• 3いたのではないでしょうか ('weren't there? / I suppose there were') is a speculative question about whether dog haters existed. This does not match the affirming, reassuring tone of the conclusion.

• 〜たっていい — it's okay to...; there's nothing wrong with...
• 犬好いぬずき — dog lover
• 犬嫌いぬぎらい — dog hater; person who dislikes dogs