N1 Reading · Test 6

Option 2 is correct. The sentence reads 「あちらに通用したことが、こちらにいえるとは限らない」, meaning 'What worked over there does not necessarily apply here.' The passage contrasts machines (which follow manuals exactly) with living creatures (which do not). The pattern 「～とは限らない」(it is not necessarily the case that ~) perfectly expresses this uncertainty — what worked for one person/animal may not work for another. This sets up the essay's theme of 十人十色 (so many people, so many minds / individuality).

• 1「こちらにはいえないこともない」means 'it is not impossible to say here' (double negative = can say). This would mean the method CAN be applied here, which contradicts the passage's point that living creatures don't follow universal rules.
• 3「こちらにもいえるとは思わなかった」means 'I didn't think it would also apply here.' While this conveys negativity, the phrasing is awkward and overly subjective (思わなかった = 'I didn't think'), and it doesn't express the general truth the author is stating. The author is making an objective observation, not reporting a personal thought.
• 4「こちらにはいえないと思うのか」means 'Do you think it cannot be said here?' — a question form. The sentence is a declarative statement, not a question, so this does not fit grammatically or contextually.

• 通用つうようする — to hold true, to be applicable, to be generally accepted
• ～とは限らない（～とはかぎらない） — it is not necessarily the case that ~; not always true

Option 4 is correct. The sentence reads 「さて、（ねこを飼おう）という時に、当然のことながら『ねこの飼い方』の本も読んだ」, meaning 'Now, when I was about to keep a cat, naturally I also read a book on "how to keep cats."' The volitional form 「飼おう」+「という時に」expresses 'at the time when one intends/is about to do ~.' This fits perfectly: when you are about to get a cat, you read the manual — a natural, logical action that parallels the earlier mention of reading a manual when buying a machine.

• 1「そういう時に」means 'at such a time.' While it could vaguely refer back to the previous paragraph, it is too imprecise. The passage needs a specific reference to the act of getting a cat, not a vague 'such a time.'
• 2「する時に」is grammatically incomplete here — there is no preceding verb in dictionary form that 「する」could refer to in this context, and it does not connect naturally to the sentence.
• 3「あのに」is grammatically impossible — 「あの」is a pre-noun adjectival (連体詞) that must modify a noun, so it cannot be followed directly by the particle 「に」.

• 飼かう — to keep (a pet), to raise
• ～（よ）うという時に（～（よ）うというときに） — at the time when one is about to / intends to do ~ (volitional form + という時に)

Option 1 is correct. The sentence reads 「中でも納得したのが、トイレのことだ」, meaning 'What I was particularly convinced by was about the toilet.' This is followed directly by a quoted passage from the manual about animals' toilet habits. The simple, direct noun phrase 「トイレのことだ」naturally introduces the topic that the quote then elaborates on. The structure 「納得したのが、～だ」(what I was convinced by was ~) requires a straightforward noun phrase to complete it.

• 2「トイレのことであるに違いない」means 'it must be about the toilet.' The pattern 「～に違いない」expresses strong certainty/conjecture, which is inappropriate here — the author read the book themselves and knows what it said; there is no need to conjecture.
• 3「トイレだからである」means 'because it is the toilet.' This gives a reason/cause, but the sentence structure 「納得したのが、～」requires a noun phrase identifying WHAT the author was convinced by, not a reason.
• 4「トイレだと聞いている」means 'I hear that it is about the toilet.' The pattern 「～と聞いている」means hearing from someone else. But the author read the book directly, so they would not say 'I hear' — they know firsthand.

• 納得なっとくする — to be convinced, to understand and agree
• 用足ようだし — using the toilet, relieving oneself (euphemism)
• 無防備むぼうび — defenseless, unguarded

Option 3 is correct. The sentence reads 「ところがである。」, meaning 'However.' The previous paragraph describes the author following the manual's advice — keeping away when the cat uses the toilet. Then 「ところがである」introduces a sharp contrast: the cat itself does the opposite, coming to the toilet while the owner is cleaning it and doing its business right there, showily. This conjunction-as-sentence pattern (ところがである) is a rhetorical device that emphasizes the unexpected turn, perfectly bridging the manual's advice and the cat's actual contrary behavior.

• 1「もっともである」means 'it is reasonable/natural.' This would affirm the previous paragraph's behavior, but the following sentences describe behavior that contradicts the manual, so affirmation is wrong.
• 2「当然である」means 'it is natural/of course.' Like option 1, this would affirm rather than contrast, which does not fit the following description of unexpected behavior.
• 4「例えばである」means 'for example.' The following sentences do not provide an example of the manual's advice being followed; they describe a contrary situation, so 'for example' does not fit.

• ところが — however, but (used to introduce an unexpected/contrary result)
• 踏ん張る（ふんばる） — to brace one's legs, to stand firm (here: the cat bracing to do its business)
• これ見よがしに（これみよがしに） — showily, ostentatiously, as if to show off

Option 4 is correct. The sentence reads 「なるほど、生きている物には個性があると、あらためて認識させられる出来事だった」, meaning 'I see — it was an event that made me recognize anew that living things have individuality.' The entire episode with the cat (following the manual's advice, then seeing the cat behave completely contrary to it) is being summarized as a single event (出来事) that forced the author to recognize the truth of individuality. The causative-passive 「認識させられる」(be made to recognize) expresses that the experience compelled this realization, and 「出来事だった」identifies the whole story as such an event.

• 1「認識させられたことがある」means 'I have been made to recognize (something) before.' The pattern 「～たことがある」expresses past experience ('have ever ~'), implying this happened at some other time, not that the current cat episode itself was the event.
• 2「認識させられたおかげだ」means 'thanks to being made to recognize.' The pattern 「～おかげだ」expresses gratitude/cause for a positive result, but the sentence is identifying what the whole experience WAS, not giving thanks for a result.
• 3「認識させられる話があった」means 'there was a story that makes one recognize.' The pattern 「～話があった」means 'there was a story/talk,' but the author is describing their own lived experience (出来事), not a story they heard.

• 認識にんしきする — to recognize, to understand, to become aware of
• 認識にんしきさせられる — to be made to recognize (causative-passive: something forces one to recognize)
• あらためて — anew, once again, freshly
• 個性こせい — individuality, personality