Polite speech and social distance
はい!みなさん、こんにちは! お元気でしょうか?
hai! minasan, konnichiwa! ogenki deshou ka?
Hi, everyone! How are you doing?
Transcript
はい!みなさん、こんにちは! お元気でしょうか?
hai! minasan, konnichiwa! ogenki deshou ka?
Hi, everyone! How are you doing?
はーい(^^)/
haai (^^)/
Hi! (^^)/
えーと、
ee to,
Um,
このチャンネルは日本語学習者、中級者・上級者向けです。
kono channeru wa nihon go gakushuusha, chuukyuusha joukyuushamuke desu.
this channel is for intermediate and advanced learners of Japanese.
えー、自然な話し方、自然な速さで話します。
ee, shizen na hanashikata, shizen na hayasa de hanashimasu.
I speak at a natural speed and in a natural way.
えーと、トランスクリプトを無料で公開しておりますので、
ee to, toran sukuriputo o muryou de koukai shite orimasu no de,
I provide free transcripts,
私の『Haru no Nihongo』のウェブサイトをご覧ください。
watashi no " Haru no Nihongo " no webusaito o goran kudasai.
so please visit my Haru no Nihongo website.
そして、YouTubeメンバーシップに入っていただくと、
soshite, YouTube menbaashippu ni haitte itadaku to,
And if you join my YouTube membership,
このエピソードで出てきた、難しい言葉を学習できたり、
kono episoodo de dete kita, muzukashii kotoba o gakushuu deki tari,
you can study the difficult words that appear in this episode,
日本の最新ニュースについて学べたりしますので、
nihon no saishin nyuusu ni tsuite manabe tari shimasu no de,
and learn about the latest news from Japan,
ぜひこちらもチェックしてみてください。
zehi kochira mo chekku shite mite kudasai.
so please check that out as well.
そしてそして、私の『Haru no Nihongo』のウェブサイトで会話教材も発売中です。
soshite soshite, watashi no " Haru no Nihongo " no webusaito de kaiwa kyouzai mo hatsubaichuu desu.
And I also have conversation-learning materials available on my Haru no Nihongo website.
『仲良し後輩との休日編』と『北海道出張編』とね、
" nakayoshi kouhai to no kyuujitsu hen " to " hokkaidou shutchou hen " to ne,
There's A Day Off with My Close Junior Coworker and the Hokkaido Business Trip Edition,
カジュアル系の会話と、ビジネス系の会話の2つの会話教材を発売中です。
kajuarukei no kaiwa to, bijinesukei no kaiwa no 2 tsu no kaiwa kyouzai o hatsubaichuu desu.
so I currently have two sets of conversation materials available: one featuring casual conversation and one featuring business conversation.
リアルな日本語会話というトピックなので、
riaru na nihon go kaiwa to iu topikku na no de,
The theme is real Japanese conversation,
もう、本当にリアルな日本語を勉強したい方、おすすめです。
mou, hontou ni riaru na nihon go o benkyou shitai kata, osusume desu.
so I really recommend them to anyone who wants to study authentic Japanese.
「まだ買ってないよ」っていう方、ぜひ買ってみてね。
" mada kattenai yo " tte iu kata, zehi katte mite ne.
If you haven't bought them yet, please give them a try!
はい。ということでですね。
hai. to iu koto de desu ne.
Okay, so,
今日は...ちょっと声が裏返っちゃった。
kyou wa... chotto koe ga uragaetchatta.
today... My voice just cracked a little.
恥ずかしい。恥ずかしい。
hazukashii. hazukashii.
How embarrassing. So embarrassing.
今日は敬語の話です。
kyou wa keigo no hanashi desu.
Today, we're talking about keigo—honorific Japanese.
敬語、好き?みんな。
keigo, suki? minna.
Do you like keigo, everyone?
あんま好きって人、あんまりいないよね。
anma suki tte hito, anmari inai yo ne.
There probably aren't many people who really like it, right?
私は好きなんだけど、実は。敬語好きなんだけど。
watashi wa suki na n da kedo, jitsu wa. keigo suki na n da kedo.
I actually like it, though. I do like keigo.
今日は敬語の話です。
kyou wa keigo no hanashi desu.
Today, we're talking about keigo.
敬語って聞くと、
keigo tte kiku to,
When you hear the word “keigo,”
やっぱりちょっと、みなさん、拒否反応というかもうアレルギーですみたいなね。
yappari chotto, minasan, kyohi hannou to iu ka mou arerugii desu mitai na ne.
a lot of you probably have a bit of an adverse reaction, like, “I'm practically allergic to it.”
体が痒くなるみたいなね、人いると思うんですけれども、
karada ga kayuku naru mitai na ne, hito iru to omou n desu keredo mo,
Some of you might feel like it makes your whole body itch,
あの、今回はね、
ano, konkai wa ne,
but this time,
敬語って思ってるほど、悪くないよっていう話をしたいと思います。
keigo tte omotteru hodo, waruku nai yo tte iu hanashi o shitai to omoimasu.
I want to talk about how keigo isn't as bad as you might think.
なんかね、なんで、この話をしようかなと思ったかというとですね。
nan ka ne, nan de, kono hanashi o shiyou ka na to omotta ka to iu to desu ne.
So, the reason I decided to talk about this is that
やっぱ敬語が話せないとか、逆に、あの、です・ます。
yappa keigo ga hanasenai to ka, gyaku ni, ano, desumasu.
I often hear people say they can't speak keigo or, conversely, struggle with desu/masu speech.
これも敬語なんで、です・ますを使いすぎて、タメ口が話せないことに関して、結構悩んでいるとか、
kore mo keigo na n de, desu masu o tsukai sugite, tameguchi ga hanasenai koto ni kanshite, kekkou nayande iru to ka,
That's also keigo, and some people use desu/masu so much that they worry because they can't speak casually.
そういう相談とか悩みみたいなのを、よく聞くなと思って。
sou iu soudan to ka nayami mitai na no o, yoku kiku na to omotte.
I realized I hear these kinds of questions and concerns quite often.
個人的な意見みたいなものを、
kojinteki na iken mitai na mono o,
So I'd like to share
今日はシェアしたいなと思うんですけど、
kyou wa shea shitai na to omou n desu kedo,
some of my personal thoughts today.
まずね、やっぱ敬語を身につけたい。
mazu ne, yappa keigo o mi ni tsuketai.
First, a lot of people want to master keigo.
敬語っていうのは、です・ますの敬語ではなく、
keigo tte iu no wa, desu masu no keigo de wa naku,
And by keigo, I don't just mean the desu/masu style,
謙譲語とか尊敬語、「ご覧ください」「させていただきます」みたいな、
kenjou go to ka sonkei go, " goran kudasai " " sasete itadakimasu " mitai na,
but humble and respectful language, like “Please have a look” or “Allow me to do that.”
あの、なんかね、「伺います」とか、いろいろありますけれども、
ano, nan ka ne, " ukagaimasu " to ka, iroiro arimasu keredo mo,
You know, expressions like “I will visit,” and all the other forms.
これがね、覚えられない、分からない、難しい、やばい、どうしようって思うんですけど、
kore ga ne, oboerarenai, wakaranai, muzukashii, yabai, dou shiyou tte omou n desu kedo,
People say, “I can't remember them. I don't understand them. They're difficult. This is bad. What am I going to do?”
まあ、これに関して、私はよく言うのが、
maa, kore ni kanshite, watashi wa yoku iu no ga,
But when it comes to this, I often say,
「覚える必要ないよ」「考えなくていいよ」っていうことを、結構言いますね。
" oboeru hitsuyou nai yo " " kangaenakute ii yo " tte iu koto o, kekkou iimasu ne.
“You don't need to memorize it” or “You don't need to overthink it.” I say that quite a lot.
もちろんですね、日本で働きたい、今住んでるとか、働きたいとか、
mochiron desu ne, nihon de hatarakitai, ima sunderu to ka, hatarakitai to ka,
Of course, if you want to work in Japan, or you live here now and want to work here,
そういう目標を持ってる人は、もちろんね、無視はできない敬語なんですけど。
sou iu mokuhyou o motteru hito wa, mochiron ne, mushi wa dekinai keigo na n desu kedo.
then if you have goals like that, keigo is obviously something you can't ignore.
その予定がない人はですね、
sono yotei ga nai hito wa desu ne,
But if you don't have plans like that,
敬語に触れるチャンスって、あんまりないじゃん。
keigo ni fureru chansu tte, anmari nai jan.
you don't get many opportunities to encounter keigo, right?
ドラマとか見てて何言ってんだろうって思ったりはするかもしれないんだけど。
dorama to ka mitete nan itte n darou tte omottari wa suru ka mo shirenai n da kedo.
You might watch a drama and wonder what someone is saying, of course.
あと旅行に行くぐらいだね。
ato ryokou ni iku gurai da ne.
Or you might encounter it while traveling in Japan.
何言ってんだろう。
nan itte n darou.
You might think, “What are they saying?”
まあ、旅行に行くのはやっぱ大切なんだけど。
maa, ryokou ni iku no wa yappa taisetsu na n da kedo.
And being able to understand it when you travel is important.
まあ、なんかそれ以外の人って、やっぱ敬語に触れる機会ないから、
maa, nan ka sore igai no hito tte, yappa keigo ni fureru kikai nai kara,
But other than that, you don't really get many chances to encounter keigo,
あの、触れる機会ない人は別に覚える必要ないなって、私は思っていて。
ano, fureru kikai nai hito wa betsu ni oboeru hitsuyou nai na tte, watashi wa omotte ite.
so if you don't encounter it, I don't think you necessarily need to memorize it. That's what I think.
っていうのも、
tte iu no mo,
The reason is,
じゃあ、日本人はどうやって敬語って覚えてるのって、いつどのタイミングで敬語覚えてるのって。
jaa, nihonnin wa dou yatte keigo tte oboeteru no tte, itsu dono taimingu de keigo oboeteru no tte.
how do Japanese people learn keigo? When do we learn it?
その「ご覧ください」。 「ご覧ください」はショップ店員さん。
sono " goran kudasai ". " goran kudasai " wa shoppu ten'insan.
Take the phrase, “Please have a look.” You hear shop assistants say, “Please have a look.”
「どうぞ、ご覧くださいませー」みたいなね。 デパートみたいなね。伊勢丹とかにいるね。
" douzo, goran kudasaimase ー " mitai na ne. depaato mitai na ne. isetan to ka ni iru ne.
Like, “Please feel free to have a looook.” You hear that in department stores. At places like Isetan.
何て言ってんの?癖強っ!みたいなね。
nan te itten no? kusekyou っ! mitai na ne.
“What are they even saying? What a distinctive way of talking!” You know?
ああいう敬語なんですけれども「何々させていただきます」とか言ったりするじゃん。
aa iu keigo na n desu keredo mo " naninani sasete itadakimasu " to ka ittari suru jan.
I'm talking about that kind of keigo, where people say things like, “Allow me to do such-and-such.”
そういうのって、別に勉強して覚えてるわけじゃないのよね。
sou iu no tte, betsu ni benkyou shite oboeteru wake ja nai no yo ne.
Japanese people don't necessarily learn those expressions by studying them.
テストで出てきたかもだけど、学生時代。
tesuto de dete kita ka mo da kedo, gakusei jidai.
They might have appeared on tests when we were students.
みんなもさ、JLPTとかさ、日本語学校の時にテスト出てきてさ、それでさ、結構さ、「うわー」ってなるじゃん。
minna mo sa, JLPT to ka sa, nihon go gakkou no toki ni tesuto dete kite sa, sore de sa, kekkousa, " uwaa " tte naru jan.
You probably saw them on the JLPT or on tests at Japanese school, and thought, “Ugh!”
「難しい!無理!」みたいなね。
" muzukashii! muri! " mitai na ne.
“This is hard! I can't do it!”
「うわー、やめてくれ」ってね。
" uwaa, yamete kure " tte ne.
“Please, make it stop!”
私とかもそうだったのよ。
watashi to ka mo sou datta no yo.
I was the same way.
日本の学生時代は敬語とか言っても全然覚えられなくて、「なんだよこれ」みたいなね。
nihon no gakusei jidai wa keigo to ka itte mo zenzen oboerarenakute, " nan da yo kore " mitai na ne.
When I was a student in Japan, I couldn't remember keigo at all. I was like, “What the heck is this?”
「難しすぎるやろ」みたいな感じで全然できなかったわけよね。
" muzukashi sugiruyaro " mitai na kanji de zenzen dekinakatta wake yo ne.
It was way too difficult, and I couldn't use it at all.
いつ覚えたのかっていうと、やっぱり実際に使い始めてからですね。
itsu oboeta no ka tte iu to, yappari jissai ni tsukai hajimete kara desu ne.
So when did I learn it? It was after I actually started using it.
実際に、自分が使う立場になって、初めて敬語を習得したっていう感じですね。
jissai ni, jibun ga tsukau tachiba ni natte, hajimete keigo o shuutoku shita tte iu kanji desu ne.
Once I was in a position where I had to use it, that was when I finally acquired keigo.
例えば、アルバイトを始めるときに、初めて敬語というものに接した。
tatoeba, arubaito o hajimeru toki ni, hajimete keigo to iu mono ni sesshita.
For example, when I started a part-time job, that was my first real encounter with keigo.
アルバイトを始める前は、高校生だったから、
arubaito o hajimeru mae wa, koukousei datta kara,
Before I started working part-time, I was a high school student,
なんか敬語を使う時ないから、なんか「させていただきます」 とか使ったことないから、分かんなかったね。
nan ka keigo o tsukau toki nai kara, nan ka " sasete itadakimasu " to ka tsukatta koto nai kara, wakannakatta ne.
so I never had a reason to use keigo and had never said things like, “Allow me to do that,” so I didn't understand it.
そう。だから、あの、まあ、でも、いつも店員さんってどういうふうに、何を言ってんだろうとか、
sou. da kara, ano, maa, de mo, itsu mo ten'insan tte dou iu fuu ni, nan o itte n darou to ka,
So, well, I listened to what shop assistants usually said and how they said it,
アルバイトの先輩とかなんて言ってんだろうっていうのを、一生懸命コピーして、
arubaito no senpai to ka nante itte n darou tte iu no o, isshou kenmei kopii shite,
and carefully copied what the senior staff at my part-time job said. I copied them as closely as I could,
もう、なんかコピーしたものを、そのまま言うみたいな感じで、敬語に慣れていったという感じですね。
mou, nan ka kopii shita mono o, sono mama iu mitai na kanji de, keigo ni narete itta to iu kanji desu ne.
and basically repeated exactly what I had heard. That's how I gradually became accustomed to keigo.
だから、こう言われたらこう返す、みたいなテンプレートみたいなのあるじゃん。
da kara, kou iwaretara kou kaesu, mitai na tenpureeto mitai na no aru jan.
It was like having a template: “When someone says this, you reply with that.”
あれに近いね。
are ni chikai ne.
It was something like that.
はい。そう。
hai. sou.
Yes, exactly.
そっから少しずつアレンジができるようになって覚えていったって感じだね。
sokkara sukoshi zutsu arenji ga dekiru you ni natte oboete i ttatte kanji da ne.
From there, I gradually learned how to adapt those phrases, and that's how I learned keigo.
だから、会社に入った時も、最初、私、電話対応の練習とか本当にできなくて、
da kara, kaisha ni haitta toki mo, saisho, watashi, denwa taiou no renshuu to ka hontou ni dekinakute,
Even when I joined a company, I was really bad at practicing how to answer business phone calls at first.
「お電話ありがとうございます。 ○○株式会社の○○がお受けいたします。」みたいなね。
" odenwa arigatou gozaimasu. ○ ○ kabushiki kaisha no ○ ○ ga ouke itashimasu. " mitai na ne.
“Thank you for calling. This is XX from XX Corporation speaking.” Something like that.
全然言えなくて、だから、読んでたもんね。
zenzen ienakute, da kara, yondeta mon ne.
I couldn't say it at all, so I used to read it from a script.
繰り返しやっていけばやっていくほど、
kurikaeshi yatte ikeba yatte iku hodo,
But the more I practiced,
こういう時にこういう言葉を使えるわっていうのを、アレンジや応用ができるようになって、
kou iu toki ni kou iu kotoba o tsukaeru wa tte iu no o, arenji ya ouyou ga dekiru you ni natte,
the more I learned which expressions to use in different situations, and became able to adapt and apply them.
今は普通に電話対応できるけど、最初は本当にできなかった。
ima wa futsuu ni denwa taiou dekiru kedo, saisho wa hontou ni dekinakatta.
Now I can handle phone calls normally, but I really couldn't at first.
なんか、ちょっとタメ口みたいなの使っちゃうみたいな。 ちょっとカジュアルすぎる言葉を使っちゃうみたいなね。
nan ka, chotto tameguchi mitai na no tsukatchau mitai na. chotto kajuaru sugiru kotoba o tsukatchau mitai na ne.
Sometimes I'd accidentally use something a little too casual, or use language that was much too informal.
うん、(そういう)こととかもありましたね。
un, ( sou iu) koto to ka mo arimashita ne.
Yes, things like that happened to me too.
なので、敬語は本当に自分が使うタイミングになった時に、周りの敬語を聞いて覚えていくしかないのよね。
na no de, keigo wa hontou ni jibun ga tsukau taimingu ni natta toki ni, mawari no keigo o kiite oboete iku shika nai no yo ne.
So when the time comes for you to actually use keigo, you really have to learn it by listening to the people around you.
本当にそう思う。
hontou ni sou omou.
I truly believe that.
なので、そんなに焦らなくてもいいし悩む必要はないです。
na no de, sonna ni aseranakute mo ii shi nayamu hitsuyou wa nai desu.
So you don't need to rush or worry too much.
聞き取れるぐらいは...。 例えば旅行に行って聞き取れないのが悔しかったみたいな。
kikitoreru gurai wa.... tatoeba ryokou ni itte kikitorenai no ga kuyashikatta mitai na.
It is useful to be able to understand it, though... For example, you might feel frustrated because you couldn't understand it while traveling.
もっとレベルアップしたいっていう人もいっぱいいると思うから
motto reberu appu shitai tte iu hito mo ippai iru to omou kara
I'm sure plenty of people want to improve their Japanese further,
聞き取れるぐらいの練習はするといいですね。
kikitoreru gurai no renshuu wa suru to ii desu ne.
so it's a good idea to practice until you can at least understand it.
どうやって聞き取るかっていう練習は、
dou yatte kikitoru ka tte iu renshuu wa,
As for how to practice listening to keigo,
私が発売させていただきました、
watashi ga hatsubai sasete itadakimashita,
I have released...
『リアル日本語会話 北海道出張編』を聞いていただくと、
" riaru nihon go kaiwa hokkaidou shutchou hen " o kiite itadaku to,
If you listen to my Real Japanese Conversation: Hokkaido Business Trip Edition,
敬語の聞き取りがうまくできるようになると思いますので、ぜひご購入ください。
keigo no kikitori ga umaku dekiru you ni naru to omoimasu no de, zehi gokounyuu kudasai.
I think you'll become better at understanding spoken keigo, so please buy it!
じゃなくて、
ja nakute,
I'm kidding.
私の教材でもいいんだけど、
watashi no kyouzai de mo ii n da kedo,
My materials are one option,
ビジネス系のドラマも見てみて、聴解、聞く練習をするとかね。
bijinesukei no dorama mo mite mite, choukai, kiku renshuu o suru to ka ne.
but you can also watch business dramas and practice listening comprehension.
言えなくていいから、聞いて、何を言ってるかだけを理解するっていうのは、すごい大切だと思うから。
ienakute ii kara, kiite, nan o itteru ka dake o rikai suru tte iu no wa, sugoi taisetsu da to omou kara.
You don't need to be able to say it yourself. Just listen and understand what the other person is saying. I think that's very important.
無理して、こっちから使う必要、マジでね、ないよ。
muri shite, kotchi kara tsukau hitsuyou, maji de ne, nai yo.
You seriously don't need to force yourself to use it actively.
観光中とかもね。
kankouchuu to ka mo ne.
Even while traveling,
「失礼だったかも」とかね、やっぱ日本人って、やっぱ失礼に厳しいから、
" shitsurei datta ka mo " to ka ne, yappa nihonnin tte, yappa shitsurei ni kibishii kara,
you might worry, “Maybe I was rude.” Japanese people can be strict about manners,
みんなさ、戸惑っちゃうじゃん。緊張しちゃうでしょ。みんな。
minna sa, tomadotchau jan. kinchou shichau desho. minna.
so you get confused and nervous, right? Everyone does.
「日本人って失礼なの嫌いじゃん」みたいな。
" nihonnin tte shitsurei na no kirai jan " mitai na.
You might think, “Japanese people hate rudeness, right?”
でも、日本人で失礼な人いっぱいいるからさ。
de mo, nihonnin de shitsurei na hito ippai iru kara sa.
But there are plenty of rude Japanese people too.
本当にそんなにね、肩の力を抜いて、会話を楽しんでいただけたらと思いますね。
hontou ni sonna ni ne, kata no chikara o nuite, kaiwa o tanoshinde itadaketara to omoimasu ne.
So please don't worry quite so much. Relax, and enjoy the conversation.
あとね、もう1つは、その反対で、
ato ne, mou 1 tsu wa, sono hantai de,
The other issue is the complete opposite.
です・ますをすごい使えるんだけど、タメ口を使えないから、敬語やめたい、みたいな。
desu masu o sugoi tsukaeru n da kedo, tameguchi o tsukaenai kara, keigo yametai, mitai na.
Some people are very good at using desu/masu but can't speak casually, so they want to stop using keigo.
わかる。そういう人いっぱいいるよね。
wakaru. sou iu hito ippai iru yo ne.
I understand. There are lots of people like that.
やっぱ教科書で日本語を勉強し始めると、です・ますからスタートじゃん。
yappa kyoukasho de nihon go o benkyou shi hajimeru to, desumasu kara sutaato jan.
When you start learning Japanese from a textbook, you begin with desu/masu, right?
で、タメ口を教わってないよみたいな感じになるから、
de, tameguchi o osowattenai yo mitai na kanji ni naru kara,
Then you feel like nobody ever taught you casual speech.
友達ができた時にタメ口を使えないのが嫌だとかいう悩みを、私は何回も聞いたことがあって、
tomodachi ga dekita toki ni tameguchi o tsukaenai no ga iya da to ka iu nayami o, watashi wa nan kai mo kiita koto ga atte,
I've heard many people say that when they make friends, they dislike being unable to speak casually with them.
例えば、私の友達の外国人も、やっぱみんな、です・ますをメインで使うんだけど、
tatoeba, watashi no tomodachi no gaikokunin mo, yappa minna, desu masu o mein de tsukau n da kedo,
For example, my international friends mostly use desu/masu too,
なんか、はるかに対してタメ口を使いたいっていうことを何回も言われたことあるのね。
nan ka, haruka ni taishite tameguchi o tsukaitai tte iu koto o nan kai mo iwareta koto aru no ne.
and many of them have told me that they want to speak casually with me.
で、その気持ちめちゃくちゃわかる。
de, sono kimochi mechakucha wakaru.
I completely understand how they feel.
やっぱタメ口を使う=仲がいいとか、
yappa tameguchi o tsukau = naka ga ii to ka,
People tend to think that using casual speech means you're close,
友達はタメ口だろうとか、
tomodachi wa tameguchi darou to ka,
or that friends should speak casually,
距離が近くなるにはタメ口を使わなきゃいけないみたいなやっぱりみんな思いがちなんだよね。
kyori ga chikaku naru ni wa tameguchi o tsukawanakya ikenai mitai na yappari minna omoigachi na n da yo ne.
and that you have to speak casually to become closer. A lot of people tend to think that way.
だし、敬語という特別なこの言語がある国って少ないから、
da shi, keigo to iu tokubetsu na kono gengo ga aru kuni tte sukunai kara,
Also, there aren't many countries with a special language system like Japanese keigo,
敬語=距離が遠いとか、
keigo = kyori ga tooi to ka,
so people may think keigo means emotional distance,
丁寧すぎるとか、あとビジネスとか、
teinei sugiru to ka, ato bijinesu to ka,
that it's too polite, or that it's only for business,
友達の間では使わないっていう固定観念がたぶん敬語がない国の人は多分あったりすると思うのよ。
tomodachi no aida de wa tsukawanai tte iu kotei kannen ga tabun keigo ga nai kuni no hito wa tabun attari suru to omou no yo.
and have the fixed idea that people don't use it with friends. People whose languages don't have keigo may be especially likely to think that.
例えば、私の友達とかもやっぱり友達との間で、例えば、私とかに敬語を使うのは違和感があるっていう。
tatoeba, watashi no tomodachi to ka mo yappari tomodachi to no aida de, tatoeba, watashi to ka ni keigo o tsukau no wa iwa kan ga aru tte iu.
For example, some of my friends feel that using keigo with me would be strange.
「友達なのに」って言われたりするんだよね。
" tomodachi na no ni " tte iware tari suru n da yo ne.
They say, “But we're friends.”
でも、私からすると全くそんなこと考えたことなくて、
de mo, watashi kara suru to mattaku sonna koto kangaeta koto nakute,
But from my perspective, I've never really thought about it that way.
敬語だろうがタメ口だろうが、友達は友達なんでね。
keigo darou ga tameguchi darou ga, tomodachi wa tomodachi na n de ne.
Whether someone uses keigo or casual speech, a friend is still a friend.
別に何とも思わないんですよ。
betsu ni nan to mo omowanai n desu yo.
It doesn't bother me at all.
私。
watashi.
Personally.
だから、なんか「敬語使いたくない」って言われても、別に敬語使ってもタメ口使っても、
da kara, nan ka " keigo tsukaitaku nai " tte iwarete mo, betsu ni keigo tsukatte mo tameguchi tsukatte mo,
So even if someone tells me, “I don't want to use keigo,” whether they use keigo or casual speech,
あなたへの関係値とか接し方、私、変わんないから、好きに喋ってって思っちゃうのね。
anata e no kankeichi to ka sesshikata, watashi, kawannai kara, suki ni shabette tte omotchau no ne.
my relationship with them and how I treat them won't change. I just think, “Speak however you like.”
で、私自身もどんなに仲いい人でも敬語を喋り続けてることは本当によくあって、
de, watashi jishin mo donna ni naka ii hito de mo keigo o shaberi tsuzuketeru koto wa hontou ni yoku atte,
I also very often continue speaking in keigo even with people I'm very close to.
逆にタメ口を使う人って、学生時代からの友達だけかも。私。
gyaku ni tameguchi o tsukau hito tte, gakusei jidai kara no tomodachi dake ka mo. watashi.
Actually, I may only use casual speech with friends I've known since I was a student.
あとは生徒さんとかは、あえて私はタメ口を使うようにしたり。
ato wa seitosan to ka wa, aete watashi wa tameguchi o tsukau you ni shi tari.
With my students, I deliberately try to use casual speech sometimes.
やっぱみんなの練習にもなるでしょ。タメ口を聞いたら。
yappa minna no renshuu ni mo naru desho. tameguchi o kiitara.
It's good practice for everyone when they hear casual speech, right?
だから、あえて私は生徒さんにはタメ口と敬語をミックスさせて喋ったりとかしますけど、
da kara, aete watashi wa seitosan ni wa tameguchi to keigo o mikkusu sasete shabettari to ka shimasu kedo,
So with my students, I deliberately mix casual speech and keigo when I talk.
私は、です・ますで話す方が結構楽なタイプ。
watashi wa, desu masu de hanasu hou ga kekkou raku na taipu.
I'm the type of person who finds speaking in desu/masu fairly comfortable.
変わってるかもしれないけど、楽なタイプで。
kawatteru ka mo shirenai kedo, raku na taipu de.
That might be unusual, but it feels comfortable to me.
やっぱ大人になるとさ、出会うときって、です・ますなのよ。
yappa otona ni naru to sa, deau to kitte, desu masu na no yo.
When you're an adult, you usually start a new relationship using desu/masu.
なんか、学生時代って学生だから、
nan ka, gakusei jidai tte gakusei da kara,
When you're a student, well, you're surrounded by other students,
です・ますから始まるコミュニケーションってあんまりないんだけど、
desumasu kara hajimaru komyunikeeshon tte anmari nai n da kedo,
so there aren't many interactions that begin with desu/masu.
もう社会人になったらです・ますから始まるんだよね。
mou shakainin ni nattara desumasu kara hajimaru n da yo ne.
But once you enter the workforce, relationships begin with desu/masu.
年下にもです・ますから始めるし、年上にはもちろんそうだしみたいな。
toshishita ni mo desumasu kara hajimeru shi, toshiue ni wa mochiron sou dashi mitai na.
I start with desu/masu even when someone is younger than me, and of course I use it with older people too.
で、私、個人的には、今までです・ます使ってた人にタメ口使えないのね。
de, watashi, kojinteki ni wa, ima made desumasu tsukatteta hito ni tameguchi tsukaenai no ne.
And personally, once I've been using desu/masu with someone, I can't switch to casual speech.
私。そう。
watashi. sou.
That's just how I am. Yeah.
まあ、1番いいのは、やっぱです・ますとタメ口をちょっとミックスしながら喋るっていうのがあれなんだけど、
maa, 1 ban ii no wa, yappa desumasu to tameguchi o chotto mikkusu shi nagara shaberu tte iu no ga are na n da kedo,
The best option is probably to mix desu/masu with a little casual speech as you talk,
私は、やっぱり、例えば、Sunny Side Japaneseというグループクラスコミュニティ、
watashi wa, yappari, tatoeba, Sunny Side Japanese to iu guruupu kurasu komyuniti,
but, for example, I run a group conversation class and community called Sunny Side Japanese.
私はやってますけど、
watashi wa yattemasu kedo,
I run that community,
そのSunny Side Japaneseの先生たちとはもう長い付き合いですけど、いまだに敬語ですね。
sono Sunny Side Japanese no senseitachi to wa mou nagai tsukiai desu kedo, imada ni keigo desu ne.
and although I've known the teachers at Sunny Side Japanese for a long time, we still speak to one another in keigo.
だし、一緒にゲームやってるYUYUさんも敬語です。
da shi, issho ni geemu yatteru YUYU san mo keigo desu.
I also use keigo with YUYU, who plays games with me.
別にタメ口にするつもりないです。私は。
betsu ni tameguchi ni suru tsumori nai desu. watashi wa.
I have no intention of switching to casual speech with them. Personally.
そっちの方が楽だから、敬語の方が。
sotchi no hou ga raku da kara, keigo no hou ga.
Keigo is simply more comfortable for me.
私個人の中では、敬語イコール距離があるって全く考えてなくて、
watashi kojin no naka de wa, keigo ikooru kyori ga aru tte mattaku kangaetenakute,
Personally, I don't think using keigo automatically means there's distance between people.
だから、すごい仲いい人で私にすごい敬語を使ってくる人もいるのよ。
da kara, sugoi naka ii hito de watashi ni sugoi keigo o tsukatte kuru hito mo iru no yo.
Some people I'm very close to use a lot of keigo with me.
私も敬語で返すけど、全然友達って感じ。本当に。
watashi mo keigo de kaesu kedo, zenzen tomodachi tte kanji. hontou ni.
I reply in keigo, but we still completely feel like friends. Seriously.
全然、1日中一緒にいられるし、一緒にご飯食べられるし、
zenzen, 1 kachuu issho ni irareru shi, issho ni gohan taberareru shi,
We can spend the entire day together and eat together,
一緒に飲み会に行けるし一緒に遊べる関係性ではある。
issho ni nomikai ni ikeru shi issho ni asoberu kankeisei de wa aru.
go out drinking together, and hang out together.
別に、そこでタメ口に切り替える必要はないと感じている。
betsu ni, soko de tameguchi ni kirikaeru hitsuyou wa nai to kanjite iru.
I don't feel any need to switch to casual speech with them.
だから、みんなもやっぱり日本人と友達になったら、タメ口喋りたいって思うと思うんだけど、
da kara, minna mo yappari nihonnin to tomodachi ni nattara, tameguchi shaberitai tte omou to omou n da kedo,
So when you become friends with a Japanese person, I'm sure you'll want to speak casually with them,
それ自体は全然問題ないというか、当たり前のことだと思うんだけど、
sore jitai wa zenzen mondai nai to iu ka, atarimae no koto da to omou n da kedo,
and there's absolutely nothing wrong with that. It's completely natural.
もし苦しんでる人いたらね。 「友達なのに、私、敬語しか使えない」みたいな。
moshi kurushinderu hito itara ne. " tomodachi na no ni, watashi, keigo shika tsukaenai " mitai na.
But if anyone is struggling with this, thinking, “We're friends, but I can only use keigo,”
なんか、「です・ますで喋っちゃう、嫌だ」 って思ってる人いるかもしれないけど、
nan ka, " desu masu de shabetchau, iya da " tte omotteru hito iru ka mo shirenai kedo,
or, “I keep speaking in desu/masu, and I hate it,” some people may feel that way,
やっぱ友達の関係値とか距離の近さって、そこでは変わらないから、
yappa tomodachi no kankeichi to ka kyori no chikasa tte, soko de wa kawaranai kara,
the closeness and nature of your friendship won't change just because of the speech style you use.
それよりももっとこう... 相手のことを知ることですよねって思いますよ。
sore yori mo motto kou... aite no koto o shiru koto desu yo ne tte omoimasu yo.
What matters much more is... getting to know the other person.
もちろん、もうこんなこと言ったらあれですけども、人それぞれなんですけど。
mochiron, mou konna koto ittara are desu kedo mo, hito sorezore na n desu kedo.
Of course, it's difficult to make general statements like this, because everyone is different.
もちろん、なんか敬語使うと、距離を感じるから「タメ口で喋って」って言ってくる、日本人の人もいます。
mochiron, nan ka keigo tsukau to, kyori o kanjiru kara " tameguchi de shabette " tte itte kuru, nihonnin no hito mo imasu.
Some Japanese people do feel distant when someone uses keigo and will say, “Please speak casually with me.”
なんか、「敬語はなんかちょっとよそよそしいから、タメ口で喋ってよ」。
nan ka, " keigo wa nan ka chotto yosoyososhii kara, tameguchi de shabette yo ".
They might say, “Keigo feels a little distant, so please speak casually with me.”
「タメ口で喋ろうよ」みたいなね、言う人も多いんだけどね。 いるんだけどね。
" tameguchi de shaberou yo " mitai na ne, iu hito mo ooi n da kedo ne. iru n da kedo ne.
There are plenty of people who say, “Let's speak casually.” There really are.
私は逆に、それがすごく苦手なんです。
watashi wa gyaku ni, sore ga sugoku nigate na n desu.
But personally, I'm actually very bad at doing that.
私さ、本当にさ、なんか「タメ口で喋っていいよ」 って言われると、逆に喋れなくなっちゃうんだよね。
watashisa, hontou ni sa, nan ka " tameguchi de shabette ii yo " tte iwareru to, gyaku ni shaberenaku natchau n da yo ne.
When someone tells me, “You can speak casually with me,” I suddenly become unable to talk normally.
なんか変な喋り方になっちゃう。
nan ka hen na shaberikata ni natchau.
I start talking in a strange way.
「何とかさんは何とかなの?」みたいな。 なんて喋ればいいか分かんない、みたいな。
" nan to kasan wa nan to ka na no? " mitai na. nante shabereba ii ka wakannai, mitai na.
I say things like, “So, are you...?” I don't know how I'm supposed to talk.
そう。敬語ってすごい便利なの。
sou. keigo tte sugoi benri na no.
Keigo is actually incredibly useful.
私にとってね。
watashi ni totte ne.
At least, it is for me.
距離の取り方というか、
kyori no torikata to iu ka,
It's a way of managing interpersonal distance,
どんなに親しい仲でも、その、なんていうの、敬意を忘れないっていう部分で、
donna ni shitashii naka de mo, sono, nante iu no, keii o wasurenai tte iu bubun de,
and even with someone you're very close to, it helps you remember to show them respect.
敬語ってものすごい便利なのね。
keigo tte monosugoi benri na no ne.
That's why keigo is extremely useful.
距離を取りたいから、敬語を使ってるっていう部分は、私はないです。
kyori o toritai kara, keigo o tsukatteru tte iu bubun wa, watashi wa nai desu.
But I don't use keigo because I want to keep my distance from someone.
よく言われるんだけど、
yoku iwareru n da kedo,
People often say this, but
仲良くなりたくない人には敬語を使いますっていう人もいると思うんだよね。
nakayoku naritaku nai hito ni wa keigo o tsukaimasu tte iu hito mo iru to omou n da yo ne.
some people say, “I use keigo with people I don't want to befriend.” There are people who feel that way.
私、その感覚は全くなくて、
watashi, sono kankaku wa mattaku nakute,
I don't have that feeling at all.
距離を取りたい人とかが敬語を使うとか、距離を縮めたい人にはタメ口で話すっていう感覚が、私は一切ないので、
kyori o toritai hito to ka ga keigo o tsukau to ka, kyori o chijimetai hito ni wa tameguchi de hanasu tte iu kankaku ga, watashi wa issai nai no de,
I never think, “I'll use keigo with people I want to keep at a distance, and casual speech with people I want to become closer to.”
どんな人でも敬語でいたいタイプ。
donna hito de mo keigo de itai taipu.
I'm the type who wants to use keigo with everyone.
その方が楽です。
sono hou ga raku desu.
It's more comfortable for me.
はい。っていうね。
hai. tte iu ne.
So, yes. That's what I mean.
だからそんなに考えなくていいんじゃないかなって、私は思う、ということですね。
da kara sonna ni kangaenakute ii n ja nai ka na tte, watashi wa omou, to iu koto desu ne.
I don't think you need to worry about it so much. That's my point.
はるかって言われようが、はるかさんと言われようが、
haruka tte iwareyou ga, harukasan to iwareyou ga,
Whether someone calls me Haruka or Haruka-san,
どちらでもいいって感じですね。
dochira de mo ii tte kanji desu ne.
either one is fine with me.
「さん」って呼んでるから、仲良くないとか、そんなことないですね。
" san " tte yonderu kara, nakayoku nai to ka, sonna koto nai desu ne.
Calling someone “-san” doesn't mean you aren't close to them.
私は、生徒さんはみんな、さん付けです。
watashi wa, seitosan wa minna, sanzuke desu.
I call all of my students by adding “-san” to their names.
呼び捨てで呼んでる人いないですね。
yobisute de yonderu hito inai desu ne.
I don't call any of them by their first name without a suffix.
何とかさん、何とかさんって呼ぶし、敬語も今、使ったりもするけど、関係値は一緒です。別に。
nan to kasan, nan to kasan tte yobu shi, keigo mo ima, tsukattari mo suru kedo, kankeichi wa issho desu. betsu ni.
I call them “so-and-so-san,” and I sometimes use keigo with them too, but our relationship is still the same.
結局は、心と心っす。
kekkyoku wa, kokoro to kokorossu.
In the end, it's all about connecting heart to heart.
心。
kokoro.
The heart.
心どっち? こっちか。
kokoro dotchi? kotchi ka.
Which side is the heart on? This side?
右? 左? 分かりませんけど、心臓の場所。
migi? hidari? wakarimasen kedo, shinzou no basho.
The right? The left? I'm not sure where the heart is.
結局は、心のつながりだと思うので、
kekkyoku wa, kokoro no tsunagari da to omou no de,
In the end, I think it's about a connection between two hearts,
敬語とか言葉っていうのは、意思疎通の、ただのツールだと思うので、
keigo to ka kotoba tte iu no wa, ishi sotsuu no, tada no tsuuru da to omou no de,
and keigo and other forms of language are simply tools for communication.
これは、私個人の意見なんで、
kore wa, watashi kojin no iken na n de,
This is only my personal opinion,
みんなの周りにいる人は、タメ口じゃないと友達じゃないとか思う人もいると思うけど。
minna no mawari ni iru hito wa, tameguchi ja nai to tomodachi ja nai to ka omou hito mo iru to omou kedo.
and some people around you might think that if you don't use casual speech, you aren't really friends.
やっぱ、なんか、敬語は、やっぱり、
yappa, nan ka, keigo wa, yappari,
But still, I personally think
敬語イコール、やっぱ距離があるという感覚はなくていいとは私は思ってますね。
keigo ikooru, yappa kyori ga aru to iu kankaku wa nakute ii to wa watashi wa omottemasu ne.
you don't need to assume that keigo automatically means there's distance between you.
あんまりそこまで考えてないと思いますよ。日本の人は。
anmari soko made kangaetenai to omoimasu yo. nihon no hito wa.
I don't think Japanese people think about it that deeply.
みんなはどうかな。
minna wa dou ka na.
What do you think?
でも、やっぱりね、自分の母語、自分の国の言葉に敬語がないから、
de mo, yappari ne, jibun no bogo, jibun no kuni no kotoba ni keigo ga nai kara,
But if your native language doesn't have keigo,
やっぱ日本で敬語を使うと、すごいどうしてもやっぱ距離を感じてしまうみたいな。
yappa nihon de keigo o tsukau to, sugoi dou shite mo yappa kyori o kanjite shimau mitai na.
then when you use keigo in Japanese, it may inevitably make you feel a great deal of distance.
丁寧すぎてしまうっていうその感覚がね、なくならない人は、タメ口を練習すればいいと思いますね。
teinei sugite shimau tte iu sono kankaku ga ne, nakunaranai hito wa, tameguchi o renshuu sureba ii to omoimasu ne.
If you can't shake the feeling that it's too polite, then I think you should practice casual speech.
私の外国人の友達、みんな敬語使ってるよ。私に。
watashi no gaikokunin no tomodachi, minna keigo tsukatteru yo. watashi ni.
All my international friends use keigo with me.
私も使ったりもするけど友達は友達ですね。
watashi mo tsukattari mo suru kedo tomodachi wa tomodachi desu ne.
I use it with them too, but we're still friends.
どっちが上だろうが、下だろうが。
dotchi ga ue darou ga, shita darou ga.
It doesn't matter who's older or younger.
っていう。
tte iu.
That's what I mean.
いや、本当にね、私にとって、本当敬語って楽なんだよね。
iya, hontou ni ne, watashi ni totte, hontou keigo tte raku na n da yo ne.
Honestly, keigo really is comfortable for me.
「何とかですか?」とか「何とかなんですね」 とか「何とかしますか?」とか、
" nan to ka desu ka? " to ka " nan to ka na n desu ne " to ka " nan to ka shimasu ka? " to ka,
You can say things like, “Is it...?” or “Oh, so it's...,” or “Would you like to...?”
「そうなんですね」とか「何とかですね」。
" sou na n desu ne " to ka " nan to ka desu ne ".
You can say, “I see,” or “It is..., isn't it?”
本当、楽。本当、楽。
hontou, raku. hontou, raku.
It's so easy. It really is.
だって、失礼もないし、相手にとって。
da tte, shitsurei mo nai shi, aite ni totte.
Because it's polite and respectful to the other person.
まあ、失礼なこと言っちゃったら、あれだけど。
maa, shitsurei na koto itchattara, are da kedo.
Of course, you can still say something rude, but
失礼になるリスクもなくなるし。うん、私的にはね。
shitsurei ni naru risuku mo naku naru shi. un, watashiteki ni wa ne.
it reduces the risk of accidentally sounding rude. At least for me.
ってことで、
tte koto de,
So,
今日はね、「敬語は案外悪いもんじゃないよ」という話でした。
kyou wa ne, " keigo wa angai warui mon ja nai yo " to iu hanashi deshita.
today's topic was: “Keigo isn't as bad as you might think.”
はい、今日お話しした話、またトランスクリプトを作りますので、
hai, kyou ohanashi shita hanashi, mata toran sukuriputo o tsukurimasu no de,
I'll make a transcript of what I talked about today, so once it's ready,
私のウェブサイトをチェックしてみてください。
watashi no webusaito o chekku shite mite kudasai.
so please check my website.
あと、Instagram、YouTube、こちらのフォローもお願いいたします。
ato, Instagram, YouTube, kochira no foroo mo onegai itashimasu.
And please follow me on Instagram and YouTube.
YouTubeメンバーシップやっておりまして、メンバーシップに入ると、
YouTube menbaashippu yatte orimashite, menbaashippu ni hairu to,
I also have a YouTube membership, and if you join,
このエピソードで出てきた、難しい言葉を勉強できたり、
kono episoodo de dete kita, muzukashii kotoba o benkyou deki tari,
you can study the difficult words that appear in this episode,
私の最新...私の最新ニュースじゃない。
watashi no saishin... watashi no saishin nyuusu ja nai.
and learn about my latest... Not my latest news.
日本の最新ニュースを学べたり。
nihon no saishin nyuusu o manabe tari.
You can learn about the latest news from Japan.
私の最新ニュース、学んでもね、何も面白くないよね。
watashi no saishin nyuusu, manande mo ne, nan mo omoshiroku nai yo ne.
Learning my latest news wouldn't be very interesting, would it?
すいませんね。
suimasen ne.
Sorry about that.
何の勉強にもなんない。
nan no benkyou ni mo nannai.
You wouldn't learn anything useful.
日本の最新ニュースを学べたりしますので、ぜひお待ちしております。
nihon no saishin nyuusu o manabe tari shimasu no de, zehi omachi shite orimasu.
You can learn about the latest news from Japan, so I hope you'll join us.
そして、会話教材、私のウェブサイトで発売中なので、
soshite, kaiwa kyouzai, watashi no webusaito de hatsubaichuu na no de,
And my conversation-learning materials are available on my website,
こちらもよろしくお願いします。
kochira mo yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
so please check those out too.
そして、『Sunny Side Japanese Podcast』、他の先生とやってます。
soshite, " Sunny Side Japanese Podcast ", ta no sensei to yattemasu.
I also make the Sunny Side Japanese Podcast with some of the other teachers.
みんな敬語で話してますけど、仲いいっすよ、Sunny Side Japaneseの先生たち。
minna keigo de hanashitemasu kedo, naka iissu yo, Sunny Side Japanese no senseitachi.
We all speak to each other in keigo, but we're close friends— the teachers at Sunny Side Japanese.
すごい面白いので。自分で言っちゃうけど。
sugoi omoshiroi no de. jibun de itchau kedo.
It's really entertaining, even if I say so myself.
自分で言っちゃうけど、すごい面白いのでぜひ聞いてみてください。
jibun de itchau kedo, sugoi omoshiroi no de zehi kiite mite kudasai.
I'm saying it myself, but it's really entertaining, so please listen to it.
Sunny Side Japaneseもメンバー募集中です。
Sunny Side Japanese mo menbaa boshuuchuu desu.
Sunny Side Japanese is also accepting new members.
グループ会話クラス、コミュニティ。
guruupu kaiwa kurasu, komyuniti.
It's a group conversation class and community.
みんなで和気あいあいと。本当にね、やってます。楽しく。
minna de waki aiai to. hontou ni ne, yattemasu. tanoshiku.
We all have a genuinely warm, friendly time together.
そして、『HaruとYUYUのゲームで日本語』 というチャンネルもチェックしてみてね。
soshite, " Haru to YUYU no geemu de nihon go " to iu channeru mo chekku shite mite ne.
And please check out my channel called Haru and YUYU's Japanese Through Gaming.
えーっと、画面が黒くなった。まあ、いっか。
eetto, gamen ga kuroku natta. maa, ikka.
Um, my screen went black. Oh well.
えーっと、暑いんだけど。エアコンついてるよね?
eetto, atsui n da kedo. eakon tsuiteru yo ne?
Um, it's hot. The air conditioner is on, right?
なんでエアコンついてるのに、こんな暑いんだろう。
nan de eakon tsuiteru no ni, konna atsui n darou.
Why is it so hot even though the air conditioner is on?
勘弁して。夏。
kanben shite. natsu.
Give me a break. Summer.
えー、もう8月だね。
ee, mou 8 gatsu da ne.
Wow, it's already August.
あっという間に夏って終わっていくんだな。
atto iu ma ni natsu tte owatte iku n da na.
Summer passes by so quickly.
やっぱ夏ってさ、暑くて耐えられないけどさ、終わると、寂しいんだよね。
yappa natsu tte sa, atsukute taerarenai kedo sa, owaru to, sabishii n da yo ne.
Summer is unbearably hot, but when it ends, I feel lonely.
セミの声とかを聞いてね。 ギリギリまで夏を楽しんでいきたいと思います。
semi no koe to ka o kiite ne. girigiri made natsu o tanoshinde ikitai to omoimasu.
I'll listen to the cicadas and enjoy every last moment of summer.
ということで、みなさん、また次回。
to iu koto de, minasan, mata jikai.
So, everyone, I'll see you next time.
バイバーイ!いつもありがとう~!
bai baai! itsu mo arigatou~!
Bye-bye! Thank you as always!
Video and Japanese captions: Haru no Nihongo on YouTube. English: the channel's own captions.
Words at N1
- 喋るto talk, to chat, to chatterN1
- 距離distance, rangeN1
- いくto go, to proceedN1
- 教材teaching materialsN1
- 編compilation, editing, completed poem, book, part of bookN1
- ビジネスbusinessN1
- 面白いinteresting, amusingN1
- チャンネルa channelN1
- 悩みtrouble(s), worry, distress, anguish, agony, problemN1
- タイミングtimingN1
- 対応interaction, correspondence, coping with, dealing withN1
- 遥かfar, far-away, distant, remote, far offN1
- 敢えてdare (to do), challenge (to do)N1
- 終わるto finish, to closeN1
- 公開presenting to the publicN1
- 拒否denial, veto, rejection, refusalN1
- 反応reaction, responseN1
- 痒いitchy, itchingN1
- 封sealN1
- 賢明wisdom, intelligence, prudenceN1
- 株式stock (company)N1
- 焦るto be in a hurry, to be impatientN1
- アップupN1
- 聞き取りlistening comprehensionN1
- 購入purchase, buyN1
- 教科subject, curriculumN1
- 活けるto arrange (flowers)N1
- 固定fixing, fastening, fixedN1
- コミュニケーションcommunicationN1
- 切り替えるto change, to exchange, to convert, to renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to switch overN1
- 当たり前usual, common, ordinary, natural, reasonable, obviousN1
- 一切all, everything, without exception, the whole, entirely, absolutelyN1
- 勘弁pardon, forgiveness, forbearanceN1
- 耐えるto bear, to endureN1




