N1 Mock test 1

1いがい

意外いがい means unexpected. It sounds similar but uses different kanji, 意 and 外, so it does not fit a formal apology expressing regret.

3いかく

威嚇いかく means threat or intimidation. It sounds similar but uses a different second kanji meaning, so it cannot mean regret here.

4いかり

怒いかり means anger. The meaning is close to indignation, but the reading belongs to 怒, not to 憾, and the sentence uses 遺憾.

1へいそく

閉塞へいそく is a real word meaning blockage or occlusion. It uses 塞そく, not 鎖さ, so the spelling does not match here.

2へいさく

へいさく is not the reading of 閉鎖. It adds く by confusion with words like 捜索そうさく or 政策せいさく.

3へいそ

へいそ is incomplete. It looks like the first part of 閉塞へいそく and is not a reading for 鎖.

1こころあつかい

こころあつかい suggests 扱あつかい meaning handling or treatment, as in 取扱とりあつかい. That kanji is 扱, not 遣, so it is wrong here.

3こころうかがい

こころうかがい suggests 伺うかがい meaning a visit or inquiry. It shares the idea of attention to others but uses 伺, not 遣.

4こころよい

心地ここちよい or 心こころよい means pleasant. It is a real i-adjective, but the sentence has the noun 遣い, not よい.

1どなった

怒鳴どなった comes from 怒鳴どなる meaning to shout or yell. Shouting fits a red face, but the kanji in the stem is 憤, not 怒鳴.

2ののしった

罵ののしった comes from 罵ののしる meaning to abuse verbally. It is about insulting words, not the inner feeling of indignation.

4うなった

唸うなった comes from 唸うなる meaning to groan or growl. It describes a sound, not indignation.

1びんぷ

びんぷ copies the voiced ビン from 貧乏びんぼう meaning poverty. In 貧富 the first kanji is unvoiced ヒン.

2ひんぷう

ひんぷう adds a long vowel by confusion with the フウ reading of 富, as in 富裕ふゆう. This compound uses short プ.

4びんぷう

びんぷう combines both traps, the voiced ビン from 貧乏びんぼう and the long vowel from 富ふう.

2ちよ

ちよ is not a reading of this word. 癒 is read ゆ, never よ, so replacing ゆ with よ gives a nonword that traps learners who think of 治療ちりょう.

3じゆ

じゆ imitates 自由じゆう, freedom, but that word has a long vowel う. 治 is often じ as in 政治せいじ, but in this medical compound it is unvoiced ち.

4じょ

じょ is not a reading of either kanji here. It compresses the two mora ちゆ into one mora and uses voiced じ plus small ょ, neither of which applies to 治癒.

1脱却

脱却 means breaking away from an old state, as in 悪習から脱却する. It requires から and means escape, not rejection, so it cannot take 提案を.

2駆除

駆除 means extermination or elimination of pests or weeds, as in 害虫を駆除する. It fits harmful insects or plants, not a proposal.

4除去

除去 means removal of a stain, obstacle or harmful substance, as in 汚れを除去する. It fits physical removal, not turning down an idea.

1全盛

全盛 means the peak of prosperity, as in 全盛期. It describes an era or career at its height, not a person's curiosity.

3盛況

盛況 means a thriving turnout or success, as in 盛況なイベント. It describes events with many visitors, not curiosity.

4盛大

盛大 means grand in scale, as in 盛大な式. It describes ceremonies or parties, not curiosity.

1設けられて

設けられて is the passive of 設ける, to set up or provide equipment or rules, as in 設備を設ける. It does not mean to carve decoration.

2装われて

装われて suggests 装う, to dress up, adorn oneself or pretend, as in 着物を装う. It does not collocate with 彫刻が applied to furniture.

3据えられて

据えられて is the passive of 据える, to place or install a heavy object, as in 機械を据える. It fits installing the table itself, not carving on it.

1転移

転移 means metastasis or transfer, as in がんの転移 or 拠点の転移. It fits disease spreading in a body or a move, not economic influence.

2投影

投影 means projection of film or light, or reflection of an idea, as in 映像を投影する. It does not spread worldwide from prices.

3感染

感染 means infection with a virus, as in ウイルスに感染する. It requires a disease, not a price rise.

2手中

手中 means in one's hands or possession, as in 手中に収める. It describes control or capture, not a short time span.

3足場

足場 means foothold or scaffolding, as in 足場を固める. It describes a base for work or climbing, not profit.

4背後

背後 means behind or background, as in 背後にいる. It describes position, not immediate profit.

1しょんぼり

しょんぼり means dejected, drooping with disappointment, as in しょんぼりする. It describes a person's low spirits, not 関係, so it cannot describe a relationship becoming strained.

3ぼんやり

ぼんやり means vague, absentminded or blurred, as in ぼんやりする or ぼんやりした記憶. It describes attention, memory or light, not the state of 関係.

4うろちょろ

うろちょろ means wandering or hanging around aimlessly, as in うろちょろする. It needs a person or animal that moves, so 関係がうろちょろしている is impossible.

2いたわる

いたわる means to treat with kindness and care, as for the sick or elderly. It takes a person as its object and means comforting, so 将来をいたわる does not collocate.

3やしなう

やしなう (養う) means to support, provide for or cultivate, as in 家族を養う or 人材を養う. It can take 人材 as its object, but here the object is 将来, and 将来を養う is not a collocation.

4かかげる

かかげる (掲げる) means to hold up or advocate, as in 旗を掲げる or 目標を掲げる. A goal or flag can be held up, but 将来 cannot, so it fails with 将来を.

2知識に乏しい

知識ちしきに乏とぼしい means 'lacking in knowledge'. It is about how much one knows, while 寡黙 is about how much one talks.

3意見が少ない

意見いけんが少ない means 'has few opinions'. A 寡黙な人 may have opinions but does not voice them, so amount of opinions is different.

4話題に乏しい

話題わだいに乏しい means 'short of conversation topics'. It is about material to talk about, not about being quiet by nature.

1盛り上がった

盛り上がった means 'became lively or excited'. It is positive excitement, while 紛糾 is negative disorder from conflict.

2長引いた

長引いた means 'dragged on, took a long time'. A confused meeting may last long, but length is a possible result, not the meaning of 紛糾.

3中断した

中断した means 'was interrupted or suspended'. In a 紛糾した meeting, discussion continues in a tangled way, it does not stop.

1早くなりそうだ

早くなりそうだ means 'likely to become early'. It is the opposite direction in time from ずれ込む, which is a delay.

2多くなりそうだ

多くなりそうだ means 'likely to increase in number'. It is about quantity, while ずれ込む here is about timing.

4少なくなりそうだ

少なくなりそうだ means 'likely to decrease'. It is also about quantity, not about a schedule slipping back.

1全く

全く means 'completely', used as 全く〜ない for total negation. It is stronger than ろくに, which means insufficiently rather than zero.

3なかなか

なかなか〜ない means 'not easily, not readily'. It is about difficulty or time needed, while ろくに is about sufficiency of the action.

4事前に

事前に means 'in advance, beforehand'. It is about timing and does not require a negative, so it cannot replace ろくに.

1方針

方針ほうしん means 'policy, course of action'. It is about direction or approach, not about size.

3目的

目的もくてき means 'purpose, aim'. It is about the goal of the plan, not its scale.

4意義

意義いぎ means 'significance, meaning'. It is about value or importance, not about size.

2援助

援助えんじょ means help, aid or assistance, often money, goods or support given to someone in need. It points to the act of helping, not to a share that produced the development, so it does not match によるところが大きい.

3工夫

工夫くふう means ingenuity or devising a clever way of doing something. It describes ideas or methods, not a contribution to development, so it fails here.

4活躍

活躍かつやく means being active and successful, playing a prominent part. It describes how a person performs, not the contribution itself, so it cannot replace 寄与 in this sentence.

1

This means the enemy group is wiped out in a game. That idea is 全滅ぜんめつ, total annihilation of a group, while 絶滅ぜつめつ is only for a species dying out.

3

This means the piled-up snow melted and vanished. Use 消きえる, なくなる or 解とける for snow disappearing, since 絶滅ぜつめつ cannot be used for non-living things.

4

This means a festival that used to be held is no longer held. Use 廃すたれる, 途絶とだえる or なくなる for customs ending, since 絶滅ぜつめつ is not used for events.

2

This describes paper flying in a strong wind. 素早すばやい is for deliberate quick action, not an object blown passively, so use 速はやい for pure speed or 飛とばされた.

3

This describes fast speaking that is hard to catch. Speaking speed is 早口はやくちだ or 速はやい, while 素早すばやい is for actions and responses, not tempo of speech.

4

This describes new books selling out immediately. 売り切うりきれる is a result, not a nimble action, so use すぐに or あっという間まに売り切うりきれる.

1

This describes clothes with a conspicuous design. Visual flashiness is 派手はでな or 目立めだつ, while 露骨ろこつ is for undisguised attitudes, not fashion.

2

This describes tax use being transparent and without waste. Good transparency is 透明とうめいで or 明確めいかくで, while 露骨ろこつ is negative and means not hiding true feelings.

4

This means his mistake was obvious to everyone. That something is clear is 明あきらかだった, while 露骨ろこつ describes how a person shows something, not that a fact is clear.

1

This is about giving a chance to study abroad. Opportunities are provided, so use 提供ていきょう or 募集ぼしゅう, since 交付こうふ is for papers or grants issued by an authority.

2

This is about spraying pesticide from the sky. Spraying or scattering is 散布さんぷ, which sounds similar but means spreading, while 交付こうふ means official issuance.

3

This is about sharing souvenirs at work. Casual distribution is 配布はいふ or 配くばる, while 交付こうふ is formal issuance of official documents.

1

This describes a long friendship still binding them. A solid bond is 固かたい, 強つよい or 深ふかい友情ゆうじょう, since 頑かたくな is negative stubbornness, not closeness.

2

This describes tying luggage tightly with string. Physical tightness is 固かたく or きつく縛しばる, while 頑かたくなに is only for a stubborn mind.

4

This describes a strong body that rarely catches cold. Health and strength are 丈夫じょうぶだ or 頑丈がんじょうだ, while 頑かたくな never means physically strong.

1

単純たんじゅんな or シンプルな means simple in the sense of not complex. A game whose rules are just kicking a ball is 単純なゲーム, while 簡素 describes lack of waste or decoration, not ease of rules.

2

A person who stops being stubborn becomes 素直すなおな, 柔軟じゅうなんな or 穏おだやかな. 簡素 never describes personality or attitude.

3

A rustic, homey taste is 素朴そぼくな味. 簡素 describes the form or system of a thing, not flavor, so 簡素な味 is unnatural.

1はおろか

はおろか means 'let alone, not to mention' and says even the extreme case fails so the other case fails too. プロの写真家はおろか would mean even pros cannot master it, let alone ordinary people, so it asserts both are impossible instead of excusing pros to reject only ordinary people.

3どころではなく

どころではなく means 'far from, not merely' and upgrades a description, as in 寒いどころではなく凍える. It does not excuse one person and then reject another person.

4に比して

に比して is formal written language for 'compared with', like プロに比して. It only makes a comparison and lacks the concessive meaning that A would be acceptable but B is not.

2危険の

危険の uses の to link one noun to another noun, but 極まりない is not a noun, so 危険の極まりない cannot modify 行為.

3危険な

危険な uses な to link a na-adjective to a noun, as in 危険な行為. Before 極まりない the な must be dropped, so 危険な極まりない is ungrammatical.

4危険に

危険に uses に to make an adverbial modifier for a verb, not to build the fixed adjective 危険極まりない. It cannot appear in this position before 極まりない.

2開催されるや否や

開催されるや否や means 'the instant A happens, B immediately follows' and describes two nearly simultaneous past actions. It cannot describe a planned tour stretching after this weekend.

3開催されたとたんに

開催されたとたんに means 'the moment it was held' and reports a sudden, often unexpected result in the past. It requires a completed event plus a sudden consequence, not a future plan with 予定だ.

4開催されて以来

開催されて以来 means 'ever since it was held' and looks back from now on a continuing state. It clashes with 今週末, which is still in the future.

1雨とも雪とも

雨とも雪とも alone is incomplete and, with も, typically lists items for a negative or uncertain predicate, as in どちらとも言えない. It cannot by itself mean regardless and lead to 毎日通勤してくる.

2雨でもなく雪でもなく

雨でもなく雪でもなく means 'neither rain nor snow' and denies both weather types. That is the opposite of the needed meaning that he rides in either weather.

3雨というか雪というか

雨というか雪というか is used when the speaker is unsure how to describe something, meaning 'something like rain, or rather snow'. It expresses hesitation in wording, not a condition that is ignored.

1言ってみたばかり

言ってみたばかり means 'just tried saying' or 'just said'. ばかり for recency only states timing, and てみる adds the meaning of attempt, so it cannot express cause leading to disaster.

2言ってみたとおり

言ってみたとおり means 'just as one tried saying' or 'as said'. とおり expresses conformity between two things, not a cause and bad effect.

4言ってしまったとおりに

言ってしまったとおりに means 'exactly as one ended up saying' or 'in accordance with what was said'. とおりに shows manner or agreement, so it cannot link the slip to 災いが降りかかる as its cause.

2落とそうとしたわりに

としたわりに uses わりに, which means an outcome is unexpected despite something. Here brushing hard is the direct result of trying hard, not a contrast, so it fails.

3落とせばいいのであれば

落とせばいいのであれば means 'if it is enough just to remove...'. It sets a condition and does not explain why people use too much force.

4落とせばいいかというと

〜ばいいかというと is used to question and deny a simple conclusion, as in 'whether it is enough just to... is another matter'. It does not express cause of excess.

1やってやることがない

やってやることがない would mean there is nothing to do or has never done it. That contradicts being entrusted with direction of a big job.

2やってもやるべきではない

やるべきではない means 'should not do'. It expresses refusal or criticism, the opposite of the determined tone after が.

3

やれるものでもない means it is not something that can be done even if tried. It declares impossibility, while the context needs resolve to try.

1といったようにはしかねる

といったようにはしかねる imitates しかねる, 'find it hard to do', after the masu-stem. It expresses difficulty, not risk of a bad result, and といったような is for examples, not quoting speech.

2といったようにならない

といったようにならない uses といったような, 'such as, like', for giving examples. It cannot quote the regretful words, and plain ならない lacks the warning nuance of かねない.

4ということにはなりえない

ということにはなりえない uses えない, 'cannot possibly'. It denies the possibility, the opposite of the warning that it could happen.

1になどせぬ

になどせぬ uses せぬ, the literary negative of する meaning 'do not do'. It does not give the dismissive 'nothing more than' meaning required after 口実 by 結局は.

3でかまわぬ

でかまわぬ means かまわない, 'it does not matter, it is acceptable'. Saying a pretext is acceptable reverses the critical tone of 結局は.

4でもあるまい

でもあるまい means 'probably is not'. 口実でもあるまい would deny that it is a pretext, the opposite of saying it is just a pretext.

1ご連絡を承りました

ご連絡を承りました uses 承る, humble language for receiving. It would mean 'I received your contact', but the writer is initiating contact, so the direction is reversed.

3ご連絡をくださいました

ご連絡をくださいました uses くださる, honorific for the other person giving. It would mean the professor contacted the writer, which contradicts 初めてご連絡いたします.

4ご連絡したことです

ご連絡したことです only nominalizes the verb with こと. It lacks the formal explanatory function of 次第です and sounds blunt for a request email.

1もらう

もらう means to receive a favor or have someone do something. It must follow 説明して to make 説明してもらう, so it goes second, not in the ★ spot.

2ない

ない is the negative ending. It must come last to complete までもない, so it cannot go in the ★ spot before までも.

3説明して

説明して is the te-form of 説明する, to explain. It must come first after あなたに to connect to もらう, so it cannot go in the ★ spot.

2だって

だって here is a casual quoting marker, that. It must follow 冗談だ directly to quote it, so it goes first, not in the ★ spot.

3に

に here is the second half of のに, meaning but or although with regret. It must follow わかるだろう to link to the next clause, so it goes last.

4ことくらい

ことくらい means to the extent of something, at least that much. It nominalizes だって and pairs with わかる, so it goes second, not in the ★ spot.

2のみならず

のみならず means not only, but also. It must follow the completed first clause ことが多い, so it goes second, not in the ★ spot.

3姿勢そのものも

姿勢そのものも means the attitude itself, also. It is the subject of 真面目で, so it must sit just before that predicate, in fourth place.

4ことが多い

ことが多い means often happens. It nominalizes 入っている to finish the first clause, so it goes first, not in the ★ spot.

1優勝を逃した

優勝を逃した means missed the championship. It is a relative clause modifying 選手たちは, so it goes second, just before that subject.

2控え室に戻っても

控え室に戻っても means even after returning to the locker room. This ても clause must sit just before the main result ぼう然としていた, so it goes last.

4あと一歩というところで

あと一歩というところで means at the point just one step away. It describes how they missed victory, so it goes first after 惜しくも.

1常に考えているのは

常に考えているのは means what I am always thinking is. It opens the cleft sentence after にあたって, so it goes first, not in the ★ spot.

2何であって

何であって means what it is, and. It links the two questions about customer wishes, so it goes third, after お客様が求めていることは.

3それに応えるために

それに応えるために means in order to respond to that. It is a purpose clause before 自分は何をすべきか, so it goes last among the four.