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JLPT Grammar

Japanese Grammar Comparisons

141 side-by-side comparisons of confusing grammar pairs like は vs が, に vs で and そうだ vs ようだ, with contrast tables and examples.

Particles & core basics

Giving & receiving

Time & sequence

Probability & obligation

Verb forms

Aspect & result states

Change & decision

Conditionals

Hearsay & appearance (evidentiality)

Desire & intention

End results & 上 family

Cause & reason

わけ・もの・こと family

Addition & escalation

Limitation & extent

Tendency

Conjunctions & discourse

Contrast & concession

Topic, target & means

Negative frequency

Parallel change & simultaneity

N2/N1 pairs

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JLPT mock tests

Full exams from past papers, section by section on the real exam clock, with the original listening audio. Mock test 1 is free at every level.