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しまう (shimau)

to do something fully, or to one's regret

Meaning & usage

てしまう expresses that an action is completed fully or that something happened by accident with a feeling of regret. It follows the te-form of a verb, as in 読んでしまった or なくしてしまった, and しまう itself conjugates like a regular verb for tense and politeness. In casual speech てしまう often contracts to ちゃう and でしまう to じゃう, so なくしちゃった carries the same regrettable tone.

Example sentences 8

In past JLPT papers

This came up in 4 past exam questions.

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