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し (shi)

And; also; in addition (giving reasons)

Meaning & usage

The particle し lists reasons with a nuance of and, besides, or furthermore, often giving two or more reasons that lead to a conclusion or suggestion. It attaches to the plain form, such as 安いし, 食べるし, 食べないし, 静かだし, 学生だし, keeping past tense when the reason is past, as in 安かったし or 学生だったし. It is common in casual and neutral conversation, and a frequent pitfall is using only one し clause without a concluding result, so remember to add what you decide or feel because of those reasons.

Example sentences 7

In past JLPT papers

This came up in 9 past exam questions.

And 5 more tests.

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