以上（は） (ha)

Meaning & usage

以上は expresses that now that a fact is established, a certain obligation, decision, or expected action follows. It attaches to the plain form of verbs and adjectives, to nouns with である, and は is often optional. The second clause usually states a duty, intention, or strong recommendation, like 守らなければいけない or 続けよう, and cannot state a mere guess about the past.

Example sentences 7

1. 始はじめた以上いじょうは、最後さいごまで続つづけよう。

   Since we started it, let's keep going until the end.

2. 約束した以上は、必ず守らなければいけない。

   Now that you made a promise, you have to keep it.

3. 日本に住む以上は、日本語を勉強しよう。

   Since you live in Japan, let's study Japanese.

4. 参加する以上は、真剣にやります。

   Since I'm taking part, I'll do it seriously.

5. 借りた以上は、きちんと返してください。

   Since you borrowed it, please return it properly.

6. 選んだ以上は、後悔しないつもりだ。

   Now that I've chosen it, I don't intend to regret it.

7. 社員である以上は、規則を守るべきだ。

   Since you are an employee, you should follow the rules.