Meaning & usage
によって marks a noun that determines an outcome, causes an event, or serves as the means for an action. It is used for meanings like depending on, because of, and through the use of, as in 人によって or コンピューターによって. It attaches directly to a noun, with により as a more formal written equivalent. It often appears in passive sentences, where it can indicate the agent or cause rather than a neutral tool.
Example sentences 4
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彼の新しい本によって彼の名声が高まった。
His new book added to his reputation.
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多くの仕事がコンピューターによってなされている。
A lot of jobs are done by computers.
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人は音楽によってたくさんの喜びを与えられます。
People are given a lot of pleasure by music.
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労働争議によって失われた日数が反対ページの表に示されている。
The number of days lost through industrial dispute is shown in the table on the facing page.
In past JLPT papers
This came up in 16 past exam questions.
And 12 more tests.
